| Protogyny may also reduce geitonogamy if the flowers on an inflorescence develop so that all open flowers are in either male or female phase at any given time. |
| However, the form of dichogamy is likely to have different consequences for autogamy versus geitonogamy. |
| However, there were several flowers open on each marked branch, so the reduction in geitonogamy from emasculating only one flower was probably minor. |
| Both species use a mixed breeding system, consisting of xenogamy, geitonogamy, and autogamy. |
| No differences were noted in pollen germination, pollen tube growth or fertilization between experimental tests of xenogamy and geitonogamy in S. mucugensis. |
| Together, the three modes of geitonogamy make a much larger contribution to self-fertilization than autogamy. |
