A particle with totally antisymmetric composite quantum states, which means it must obey the Pauli exclusion principle and hence Fermi–Dirac statistics. They have half-integer spin. Among them are many elementary particles, most derived from quarks.
Examples
The photon, a boson, has a fermion partner called the photino.
The new particle is a cousin of the Weyl fermion, one of the particles in standard quantum field theory.
One is the puzzle of why there are three and only three generations of fermion, given that the second and third generations seem almost redundantly similar to the first, except for their higher masses and shorter lifetimes.
For instance, the proposed superpartner of the electron, a fermion, is called the selectron, and would be a boson.
The duality relations between the unitary and quasispin algebraic structures for the boson and fermion systems are extended to mixed boson-fermion system.
When a fermion is transformed into a boson and then back again into a fermion, it turns out that the particle has moved in space, an effect that is related to special relativity.
