However, as a subatomic particle the electron is also a quantum-mechanical object. |
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The particle physics community began adapting existing high-energy accelerators to provide heavy-ion nuclear beams. |
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According to quantum theory, the state of a particle is described as its wave function. |
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Not only do condensed matter physicists use accelerators, but particle physicists use superconductors and solid-state detectors. |
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Roundness is increased by abrasion and chemical weathering processes, which blunt particle edges, and decreased by fracturing, which creates new, unworn edges. |
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Now nuclear physicists in Japan, Russia and the US have discovered a particle that contains two up quarks, two down quarks and a strange antiquark. |
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For 50 years, scientists had predicted the existence of the particle we now know as Higgs boson, which gives mass to matter. |
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In 2008 he received an Honorary Fellowship from Swansea University for his work in particle physics. |
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In these, gluons that bind quarks together confer most of the particle mass. |
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Lethal effects on survival of zoospore and gametophyte of Eisenia bicyclis exerted by suspended particle and deposited sediment. |
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The kinetic energy Ek of a particle of mass m travelling at speed v is given by. |
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The axion is a candidate particle for the cold dark matter that constitutes a large fraction of the mass of the Universe. |
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The aetherial hypothesis was vague, but the particle hypothesis was definite enough for Thomson to test. |
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Heisenberg showed that the neutron was best described as a new nuclear particle, but its exact nature remained unclear. |
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Pauli also called this particle a neutron, but it was clearly not the same particle as Chadwick's neutron. |
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The neutrino could account for the missing energy, but a particle with little mass and no electric charge was difficult to observe. |
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This particle separation and size influences optical properties of gases as can be found in the following list of refractive indices. |
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In contrast, a smaller length scale corresponds to a microscopic or particle point of view. |
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The force imparted by a gas particle into the container during this collision is the change in momentum of the particle. |
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Therefore, the average force on a surface must be the average change in linear momentum from all of these gas particle collisions. |
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In statistical mechanics, temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy stored in a particle. |
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These neutral gas particles only change direction when they collide with another particle or with the sides of the container. |
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Sulfur dioxide may also be removed by dry desulfurisation by injection limestone slurry into the flue gas before the particle filtration. |
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Heavy metals are often adsorbed on injected active carbon powder, which is collected by particle filtration. |
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There is, however, some overlap in particle size and other physical properties. |
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Particulate composites have particle as filler material dispersed in matrix, which may be nonmetal, such as glass, epoxy. |
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The kinetic energy, a concept of classical mechanics, is half the mass of a particle times its speed squared. |
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In monatomic perfect gases and, approximately, in most gases, temperature is a measure of the mean particle kinetic energy. |
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The Geiger counter, invented by Hans Geiger, is a type of particle detector that measures ionizing radiation. |
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For example, immunoassay A may detect the presence of a surface protein from a virus particle. |
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The particle to is included in the verb catena because its use is often required with certain infinitives. |
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A particle may be placed at the beginning or end of the sentence, or attached to an element within the sentence. |
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For Turkish, where the interrogative particle may be considered a part of the verbal inflection system, see the previous section. |
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There are at least three main types of phrasal verb constructions depending on whether the verb combines with a preposition, a particle, or both. |
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When a particle phrasal verb is transitive, it can look just like a prepositional phrasal verb. |
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This similarity is another source of confusion, since it obscures the difference between prepositional and particle phrasal verbs. |
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When the object of a particle verb is a definite pronoun, it can and usually does precede the particle. |
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As a class, particle phrasal verbs belong to the same category as the separable verbs of other Germanic languages. |
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Free relative clauses are formed in the same way, omitting the modified noun after the particle de. |
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A prepositional phrase should not be confused with a sequence formed by the particle and the direct object of a phrasal verb. |
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The trends suggest that particle board and fiber board will overtake plywood. |
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The very fine particle size gives a large surface area that aids dissolution to allow uptake by the fiber. |
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The measure of fineness usually used is the 'specific surface area', which is the total particle surface area of a unit mass of cement. |
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For properties such as strength and conductivity, the bond area in relation to the particle size is the determining factor. |
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They are additionally categorized by fine, medium and coarse particle sizes. |
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It is usually ground into a fine powder, with airfloat grade being the finest particle size available commercially. |
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Nor did anyone even remotely suspect that an atom was anything but an atom and therefore the very speckiest particle of matter in existence. |
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The videocard is responsible for drawing every polygon, texture, and particle effect in every game you play. |
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Inside a cancer cell, the atom decays by giving off high energy alpha particle radiation which tears through the cell's DNA and proteins. |
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It doesn't help any cell in the human body if you send an alpha particle through it. |
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The alpha particle range from radium Ra 223 dichloride is less than 100 micrometers which may limit the damage to the surrounding normal tissue. |
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The harmonic average lies in between the z-average and the weight-average particle size. |
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The absorption spectrum of a micronized UV filter depends on its particle size. |
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Wave-Particle Duality holds that all matter exhibits both wave and particle properties. |
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The CoGeNT experiment looks for a type of dark-matter particle called a WIMP, or Weakly Interacting Massive Particle. |
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They believe that it consists of a proposed particle left over from the Big Bang called the WIMP, for weakly interacting massive particle. |
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The first weblog was built by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN, the European particle Physics Laboratory. |
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This is due to the difficulty in simulating variables such as dirt pickup, air pollution, acid rain, wind-borne particle erosion and mildew. |
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It takes only minutes, after entry into a cell, for a virus particle to uncoat. |
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This theory stated that the electron may exhibit the properties of both a wave and a particle. |
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For example, it can be refracted like a wave, and has mass like a particle. |
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The net force on a particle is thus equal to the rate of change of the momentum of the particle with time. |
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So long as the force acting on a particle is known, Newton's second law is sufficient to describe the motion of a particle. |
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This means that the velocity of this particle decays exponentially to zero as time progresses. |
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This expression can be further integrated to obtain the position r of the particle as a function of time. |
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If the work done in moving the particle from r1 to r2 is the same no matter what path is taken, the force is said to be conservative. |
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Environmental magnetism is sensitive to particle size, and has proven effective even at low detection levels. |
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Unlike traditional methods of measuring pollutants, magnetism is relatively inexpensive, and can identify smaller particle sizes. |
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This caused great turbidity in the sea, after which the particles began to settle out according to particle size. |
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In this way, even a planet can be idealised as a particle for analysis of its orbital motion around a star. |
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Euler's laws can, however, be taken as axioms describing the laws of motion for extended bodies, independently of any particle structure. |
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A particle is in suspension if its weight is less than the random turbidity forces acting upon it. |
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Radioactive medical waste tends to contain beta particle and gamma ray emitters. |
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This isotope has one unpaired proton and one unpaired neutron, so either the proton or the neutron can decay to the opposite particle. |
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Radionuclides occur naturally and are artificially produced in nuclear reactors, cyclotrons, particle accelerators or radionuclide generators. |
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Therefore, the particle can be located quite precisely by its resonant frequency. |
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Resonance in particle physics appears in similar circumstances to classical physics at the level of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. |
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Clastic sedimentary rocks, are subdivided according to the dominant particle size. |
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The small particle flux can be augmented by the fall of larger carcasses and downslope transport of organic material near continental margins. |
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These aggregates are snowflakes, and are usually the type of ice particle that falls to the ground. |
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This variation in particle separation and speed is referred to as compressibility. |
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In special relativity, the momentum of a particle is given by. |
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The field of science which studies subatomic particles is particle physics, and it is in this field that physicists hope to discover the true fundamental nature of matter. |
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These corpuscles were a particle unlike any other previously known. |
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This results in greater numbers of collisions with the container per unit time due to the higher particle speeds associated with elevated temperatures. |
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We still need a lagrangian for our many particle wavefunctions. |
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The center of mass of a composite object behaves like a point particle. |
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Young and Fresnel combined Newton's particle theory with Huygens' wave theory to show that colour is the visible manifestation of light's wavelength. |
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Much like a heat-seeking missile, a new kind of particle homes in on the blood vessels that nourish aggressive cancers, before unleashing a cell-destroying drug. |
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Filter feeders are molluscs that feed by straining suspended matter and food particle from water, typically by passing the water over their gills. |
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By matching the material and particle size to the ware being sintered, surface damage and contamination can be reduced while maximizing furnace loading. |
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More generally, if the force varies as a function of position as the particle moves from r1 to r2 along a path C, the work done on the particle is given by the line integral. |
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When the grain boundary tries to move past the inclusion diffusion of atoms from one grain to the other will be hindered by the insoluble particle. |
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All matter originates and exists only by virtue of a force which brings the particle of an atom to vibration and holds this most minute solar system of the atom together. |
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Blake saw an analogy between this and Newton's particle theory of light. |
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However, the smoker has to inhale more deeply to receive the same amount of nicotine, increasing particle deposition in small airways where adenocarcinoma tends to arise. |
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As in Old Irish and traditional literary Welsh, the verb can be preceded by a particle with no real meaning by itself but originally used to make the utterance easier. |
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One of the functions of the pilot wave is to convey information, instantaneously, to the particle concerning any changes which are encountered by the pilot wave. |
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More importantly, generating smoke reduces the particle size to a microscopic scale thereby increasing the absorption of its active chemical principles. |
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Infection occurs when the virus particle is taken into a cell of the host. |
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Thus, a condition necessary for the uniform motion of a particle relative to an inertial reference frame is that the total net force acting on it is zero. |
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As of 2002, no such events have been detected, either directly or indirectly as a deficiency of the mass balance in particle accelerator experiments. |
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I have discovered how to disunite that force and that particle. |
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But researchers at the CERN lab near Geneva claim they have recorded neutrinos, a type of tiny particle, travelling faster than the barrier of 186,282 miles per second. |
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Two important variables used for the classification of igneous rocks are particle size, which largely depends on the cooling history, and the mineral composition of the rock. |
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An individual particle in this range size is termed a sand grain. |
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Stronger flows will increase the lift and drag on the particle, causing it to rise, while larger or denser particles will be more likely to fall through the flow. |
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However, specific TAM markers and the type of deictic or directional particle that follows determine and denote different types of meanings in terms of tenses. |
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If you want to make a negatively charged particle, such as an electron, out of energy, you also have to make a positively charged particle to balance the books. |
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In 1889, Heaviside first published a correct derivation of the magnetic force on a moving charged particle, which is now called the Lorentz Force. |
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Phrasal verbs that include a preposition are known as prepositional verbs and phrasal verbs that include a particle are also known as particle verbs. |
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A special high-seed chopper is provided in the bottom portion of the sidewall to reduce agglomerates or to control the particle size of a granulate. |
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The terminology used to denote the particle is also inconsistent. |
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I will attempt to make an alpha particle with the Large Hadron Collider. |
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In the new paper, researchers took measurements in Finnish pine forests and then simulated the same particle formation in an air chamber at Germany's Julich Research Centre. |
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The Higgs mechanism is generally accepted as an important ingredient in the Standard Model of particle physics, without which certain particles would have no mass. |
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To unambiguously characterize this new particle, detailed studies of its properties are needed, while searches for other similar particles are important. |
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In Mandarin Chinese, the relative clause is similar to other adjectival phrases in that it precedes the noun that it modifies, and ends with the relative particle de. |
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A virus particle in the process of extrusion at the cell plasma membrane was captured with the atomic force microscope at 15 hours after infection. |
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A particle traveling parallel to the wall does not change its momentum. |
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Instead, the researchers were able to detect the smallest RNA virus particle MS2, with a mass of only 6 attograms, by amplifying the sensitivity of a biosensor. |
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The speed of a gas particle is proportional to its absolute temperature. |
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Physicists have long wondered why no elementary particle discovered so far contains more than three of the fundamental building blocks known as quarks. |
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Many physics discoveries of the past century have emerged from giant particle accelerators costing up to billions of dollars and sprawling over acres. |
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