However the Berber Tuareg of Algeria seem to stand as mute witnesses to the passage of time. |
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The major language of the Tuareg is Tamacheq, which is in the Berber language group. |
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All 3 had some Berber blood which was likely intermixed with Roman, Phoenecian, Carthaginian, Macedonian, etc. |
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Maybe eventually Berber will be an official language alongside Arabic in some North African countries. |
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Bedouin and Berber traditions fused to form sung poetry called Malhun, using traditional north African wind and percussion instruments. |
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Her mother's world by contrast was hidden and private, and in it dialects of Arabic or Berber were spoken but were not usually written down. |
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We paused to let some Berber muleteers pass us, their donkeys' panniers loaded with the skis and packs of another climbing party. |
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Libya boasts the ruins of ancient Greek outposts, Phoenician settlements and Berber cities. |
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In the indigenous Berber religion, the holy men, called marabouts, were thought to be endowed by God with special powers. |
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There were Berber men with daggers and turbaned heads, and women with colourful headscarves. |
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Children wrestle with each other at the curbside, and round-faced Berber women sell tissues on the corner. |
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On the way to Aisha, a true indigenous Berber woman, we managed to lose the way many times. |
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A Berber in scarlet livery brought in a yearling bear on a chain, dragging its paws on the floor and growling. |
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The pressure to Arabize was resisted by Berber population groups, such as the Kabyles, the Chaouia, the Tuareg, and the Mzabt. |
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Maltese is the only European language in the Afro-Asiatic family, which includes Arabic, Hebrew, Berber, and Hausa. |
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His father, a chef de servis, was Algerian, of Berber descent, and his mother was French. |
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It is fine to boast of one's Kurdish, Berber, Sunni, or Shia loyalties, but not of pan-Arabism. |
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Not surprisingly, you'll get a better deal if you bring a friend who speaks Arabic or Berber. |
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The flat-roofed Berber homes, some of which can be rented for short stays, are built with chestnut tree joists and wattle and daub. |
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More Internet sites emphasizing modernism in Arabic, Farsi, Berber etc. are needed and people building them should be helped. |
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These ancient granaries were built by Berber villagers to store their grain, oil and even valuables. |
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Hassaniya is a mixture of Arabic and Berber and is the language of the white Maurs and the Haratin. |
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Morocco's Berber tribes maintain a free-spirited lifestyle and they're often herders, nomads and mountain rug weavers. |
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Devastating odors assaulted her, and the noise of humans screaming in Latin, Greek, German, Punic, Hebrew, Berber, Egyptian, Arabic. |
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Berber men in Kabylia wore a burnous, a full-length cloak worn with a hood, woven out of very fine white or brown wool. |
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Cuisine is North African couscous and tagines of course, and belly dancers and Berber drums provide extra entertainment. |
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Later, he recorded much Berber folk-music, and in 1959 received a Rockefeller grant for ethnomusicological research. |
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In the fourteen rooms, Berber rugs and cushions add rich reds to the ochres and creams. |
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During most of its history Libya has been inhabited by Arab and Berber nomads, only the coastlands and oases being settled. |
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The original language of Algeria was Berber, which has varied dialects throughout the country. |
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It was created for writing the Arabic language, but has been adapted to such diverse languages as Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Hebrew, Urdu, Berber, Malay, and Swahili. |
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A common feature of the Atlas landscape is the kasbah, a traditional fortified settlement that evokes images of Berber tribes and Foreign Legionnaires. |
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Arabic encroached gradually, spreading through the areas most accessible to migrants and conquerors, but Berber remained the mother tongue in many rural areas. |
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Egyptian authorities do have some reason to doubt Berber and Bedouin loyalty. |
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Arabic and Berber are the languages most spoken in day-to-day life. |
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Berber is a little harder to sew than fleece, but it is also a little warmer, because it traps air in the nubby surface, thereby insulating the wearer. |
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Before the Arab conquests, Berber was the chief spoken language. |
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Arabic is a branch of the Semitic languages, which in turn belongs to the Afro-Asiatic language family together with Berber, Ancient Egyptian, Chadic, and Cushitic. |
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On the farms the peasants were Berber and Phoenician, speaking Punic. |
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The London-based company provide interpreters in more than 100 languages, from the well-known including French and German, to the more obscure such as Berber and Tagalog. |
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Its autochthonous Berber population was nomadic and so did not cultivate. |
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Here, story-tellers, fortune-tellers and medicine-sellers with fantastic ingredients mingle in the grillfire-smoky square with Berber musicians in white robes. |
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They were all yelling at him in French and Arabic and Berber. |
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It had taken the camels and their black-turbaned Berber herders four long days to walk from the Sahara. |
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Usurpers within the caliphate and the marauding Berber armies they brought in from North Africa were to blame, but for a time Cordoba was the ornament of the world. |
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Rather than fighting each other directly, the competition of Fatimids and Umayyads played out as a competition for Berber allegiances. |
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His Berber ally Jafar ibn Hamdun crossed the straits with his army, whereas Ghalib allied with the Kingdom of Navarre. |
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One group of Saqaliba seized Orihuela from its Berber garrison and took control of its entire region. |
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In Cordoba, conflicts continued between the Berber rulers and those of the citizenry who saw themselves as Arab. |
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After being installed as caliph with Berber support, Sulayman was pressured into distributing southern provinces to his Berber allies. |
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The Zanata Berber Hammudids received the important districts of Ceuta and Algeciras. |
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Nevertheless, distinctions between Arab, Berber, and slave were not the stuff of serious politics either within or between the taifas. |
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The core of the Almoravid empire was formed by the Lamtuna branch of the Sanhaja Berber. |
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In 1054 and 1055, employing these specially trained forces, Almoravid leader Yahya ibn Umar defeated the Kingdom of Ghana and the Zanata Berber. |
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While Berberism had its roots before the independence of these countries, it was limited to the Berber elite. |
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These Berber speakers are mainly concentrated in Morocco and Algeria, followed by Mali, Niger and Libya. |
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Although most Maghrebis are of Berber ancestry, only some scattered ethnicities succeeded in preserving Berber languages into modern times. |
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In antiquity, the Berber people adhered to the traditional Berber religion, prior to the arrival of Abrahamic faiths into North Africa. |
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Some of the ancient Berber beliefs still exist today subtly within the Berber popular culture and tradition. |
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Another Berber cleric, Saint Adrian of Canterbury, traveled to England and played a significant role in its early medieval religious history. |
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Additional decorations such as sequins or fringes, are typical of Berber weave in Morocco. |
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Lalla Fatma N'Soumer was a Berber woman in Kabylie who fought against the French. |
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Berber cuisine is a traditional cuisine which has evolved little over time. |
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In the early 11th century centralized authority based at Cordoba broke down following the Berber invasion and the ousting of the Umayyads. |
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In its stead arose the independent taifa principalities under the rule of local Muladi, Arab, Berber, or Slavonic leaders. |
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Chieftains would barter their slaves to Arab, Berber, Ottoman or European buyers for rum, spices, cloth or other goods. |
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Mouha talked about the generosity and solidarity of Berber communities. |
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Aged 63, Ouyahia is a native of Tizi Ouzou in Algeria's Berber community of the Kabyle region. |
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Anthropologist and historian Makilam is an indigenous Kabyle raised in a Berber village in northern Algeria. |
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Berber music, the traditional music of North Africa, has a wide variety of regional styles. |
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The Berber people of North Africa, who had provided the bulk of the invading armies, clashed with the Arab leadership from the Middle East. |
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In the North African Spanish autonomous city of Melilla, Riff Berber is spoken by a significant part of the population. |
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The terms for 'mountain' in some Berber languages are adrar and adras, which are believed to be cognates of the toponym Atlas. |
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It is mainly inhabited by Berber people, who live in small villages and cultivate the high plains of the Ourika Valley. |
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This area was known in Europe as the Barbary Coast, a term derived from the name of its Berber inhabitants. |
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These include some Berber languages and some languages of the American Pacific Northwest, such as Nuxalk. |
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Raids from the nomadic Berber people of the desert were of constant concern to those living on the edge of the desert. |
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In Berber languages, each consonant has a geminate counterpart, and gemination is lexically contrastive. |
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The Arabic and Berber languages are distantly related, both being members of the Afroasiatic language family. |
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The Tuareg Berber languages are notably more conservative than those of the coastal cities. |
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The cultures of the Maghreb and the Sahara therefore combine indigenous Berber, Arab and elements from neighboring parts of Africa and beyond. |
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In the Maghreb, where Arab and Berber identities are often integrated, these lines can be blurred. |
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The earliest known independent Moroccan state was the Berber kingdom of Mauretania under king Baga. |
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During the crisis of the 3rd century, parts of Mauretania were reconquered by Berber tribes. |
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After the outbreak of the Berber Revolt in 739, the Berbers formed other independent states such as the Miknasa of Sijilmasa and the Barghawata. |
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Surrounded by their enemies, taifa rulers sent a desperate appeal to the Berber chieftain Yusuf ibn Tashfin, leader of the Almoravids. |
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After Julian's death, the Berbers took direct control of the city, which the indigenous Berber tribes resented. |
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Historically, they spoke Berber languages, which together form the Berber branch of the Afroasiatic family. |
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The Berber identity is usually wider than language and ethnicity, and encompasses the entire history and geography of North Africa. |
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The unifying forces for the Berber people may be their shared language, or a collective identification with Berber heritage and history. |
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Among its oldest written attestations, Berber appears as an ethnonym in the 1st century AD Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. |
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Much of Berber culture is still celebrated among the cultural elite in Morocco and Algeria. |
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Most of these populations belong to the E1b1b paternal haplogroup, with Berber speakers having among the highest frequencies of this lineage. |
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Additionally, genomic analysis has found that Berber and other Maghreb communities are defined by a shared ancestral component. |
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For example, the Punic state began to field Berber Numidian cavalry under their commanders on a regular basis. |
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Interactions with neighboring Sudanic empires, traders, and nomads from other parts of Africa also left impressions upon the Berber people. |
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The Berber forces in the invasion of Iberia came from Ifriqiya or as far away as Tripolitania. |
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Roger Collins cites the work of Pierre Guichard to argue that Berber groups in Iberia retained their own distinctive social organization. |
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In 731, the eastern Pyrenees were under the control of Berber forces garrisoned in the major towns under the command of Munnuza. |
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In 794, the Berber garrison of Tarragona massacred the inhabitants of the city. |
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Munnuza attempted to lead a Berber uprising against the Arabs in Spain, citing mistreatment of Berbers by Arabic judges in north Africa. |
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By the time of the governor Uqba, and possibly as early as 714, the city of Pamplona was occupied by a Berber garrison. |
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Instead, according to the Chronicle of 754, Uqba carried out an attack against Berber fortresses in Africa. |
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Although Masayra was killed by his own followers, the revolt spread and the Berber rebels defeated three Arab armies. |
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After the defeat of the third army, which included elite units of Syrians commanded by Kulthum and Balj, the Berber revolt spread further. |
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When the Arabs first invaded the peninsula, Berber groups were situated in the northwest. |
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As the governor Ibn Habib was looking for him, he then fled to the more powerful Zanata Berber confederacy, who were enemies of Ibn Habib. |
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After losing an initial battle near Cordoba, Yusuf fled to Merida, where he raised a large Berber army. |
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Sulayman fled to the Berber garrison of Valencia, where he held out for two years. |
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Abd Allah crossed over to Valencia first in 796, calling on the allegiance of the same Berber garrison that sheltered Sulayman years earlier. |
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Sulayman was defeated in battle in 800 and fled to the Berber stronghold in Merida, but was captured before reaching it and executed in Cordoba. |
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Throughout the ninth century, the Berber garrisons were one of the main military supports of the Umayyad regime. |
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However, they were also difficult to control, and by the end of the ninth century the Berber frontier garrisons disappear from the sources. |
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Another Berber settlement called Vascos, west of Toledo, is not mentioned in the historical sources, but has been excavated archaeologically. |
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The Tuaregs are nomadic pastoral people in North Africa and are from Berber descent. |
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Tamashek is a division of Tuareg, the southern branch of Berber, which is part of the Afro-Asiatic or Hamito-Semitic family of languages. |
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Senegal is a country of many ethnic groups, including the Wolof, Fulani, Serer, Tukolor, Soninke, Malinke, Diola, and Berber peoples. |
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The same problem is encountered in the Northern Berber languages. |
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Upon reaching present day Elmina, Gomes discovered a thriving gold trade already established among the natives and visiting Arab and Berber traders. |
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Berber and Arabic are spoken by the Moroccan community, as are Hindi and Sindhi by the Indian and the Pakistani communities of Gibraltar respectively. |
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The Iberian Saracens had incorporated Berber lighthorse cavalry with the heavy Arab cavalry to create a formidable army that had almost never been defeated. |
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It differs from one area to another within and among Berber groups. |
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The majority of Berber tribes currently have men as heads of the tribe. |
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Tamazight is a generic name for all of the Berber languages. |
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In the mid 11th century, they allied with the Guddala and Massufa Berber. |
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As he marched back to Cordoba his own Berber mercenaries abandoned him. |
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The Umayyads sought out alliances with various Berber confederacies. |
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To counter the threat, the Umayyads crossed the straits to take over Ceuta in 931, and actively formed alliances with Berber confederacies such as the Zanata and the Awraba. |
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The Berber inhabitants took all their possessions with them. |
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From Toledo, Hashim attacked the Berber garrisons of Santaver and Talavera, precisely those that had been involved in suppressing the Toledo rebellion a generation earlier. |
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A persistent tradition states that this is because his mother was Berber. |
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However, due to the Berber revolt the Umayyad governors were forced to protect their southern flank and were unable to mount offenses against the Asturians. |
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At this time, the Berber military colonies in Spain revolted. |
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The Chronicle of 754 calls these rebels Arures, which Collins translates as 'heretics', arguing it is a reference to the Berber rebels' Ibadi or Khariji sympathies. |
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Merida became a major Berber stronghold in the eighth century. |
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The expulsion of the Berber garrisons from central Asturias following the battle of Covadonga contributed to the eventual formation of the independent Asturian kingdom. |
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When Pelagius revolted in Asturias, it was against a Berber governor. |
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By the late 710s, there was a Berber governor in Leon or Gijon. |
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The biographical dictionary of Ibn Khallikan preserves the record of the Berber predominance in the invasion of 711, in the entry on Tariq ibn Ziyad. |
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The Romans too read these cues, so that they cultivated their Berber alliances and, subsequently, favored the Berbers who advanced their interests following the Roman victory. |
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There evolved a population of mixed ancestry, Berber and Punic. |
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Yet the whole notion of a Berber apprenticeship to the Punic civilization has been called an exaggeration sustained by a point of view fundamentally foreign to the Berbers. |
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The majority of North Africa's population is believed to be Berber in origin, although due to Arabization most ethnic Berbers identify as Arabized Berbers. |
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Under the leadership of the Berber general Tariq ibn Ziyad, the Muslims used Ceuta as a staging ground for an assault on Visigothic Iberian Peninsula. |
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Norsemen, Flemish spearmen, Frankish knights, Moorish mounted archers, and Berber light cavalry were the main types of mercenaries available and used in the conflict. |
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However, in the ONS's testing in England and Wales prior to the census, no Kurdish, Iranian, Berber, Somali or Egyptian participants chose to identify as Arab. |
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Tangerian, as the residents refer to their language, is different from the rest of Morocco, with a lexicon derived from Berber, Spanish, English, and old Tangerian words. |
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Between the period of being a strategic Berber town and then a Phoenician trading centre to the independence era around the 1950s, Tangier was a nexus for many cultures. |
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The indigenous Berber people and a series of foreign invaders as well as religious and cultural influences have shaped Morocco's architectural styles. |
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From the 11th century onwards, a series of Berber dynasties arose. |
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Such Berber ambivalence, the ability to entertain multiple mysteries concurrently, apparently characterized their religion during the Punic era also. |
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The Atlas mountains are primarily inhabited by Berber populations. |
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The Almoravids were a Berber dynasty from the Sahara that spread over a wide area of northwestern Africa and the Iberian peninsula during the eleventh century. |
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For instance, some clients who have very sensitive skin prefer to have the Berber Cereal Exfoliating treatment or Alum Stone scrub to the traditional black soap peeling. |
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The Berber Almoravid dynasty engaged in military conquest and by 1106 had conquered Morocco, the Maghrib as far east as Algiers, and large parts of Spain. |
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Burnouses are often associated with Berber tribal dress, and the cloaks were incorporated into colonial military uniforms in parts of North Africa. |
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