Should we assume gendered pronouns conform to modern definitions of gender, or is this a social 'retcon' of the language? |
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Even in his e-mail, personal pronouns relating to Serena are capitalized, while those relating to Peter himself are always in lower case. |
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Binding is concerned with the type of anaphora found with pronouns and reflexives, but the notion is greatly extended. |
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What it means is that pronouns, like all other words, are changeable, via regular sound changes, analogic restructuring, and borrowing. |
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Once the family has been explicitly mentioned, Lanchester can refer to them with pronouns, in particular the pronoun them. |
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Even though these anaphorically used pronouns were not very frequent, it is interesting that they occur. |
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He delves deeply into the linguistics literature on anaphorically used pronouns, especially the Discourse Representation Theory. |
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In these languages, first and second-person pronouns are used instead as bound anaphors. |
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Participles dangle, metaphors are not only extended but mixed, infinitives are split and ambiguous pronouns abound. |
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Of particular interest here is how the participants in the picture are referred to by the choice of pronouns or nouns. |
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Such words include pronouns, auxiliary verbs, conjunctions, and prepositions. |
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At the moment I am trying to master 5 different tenses of verbs and also adverbs, pronouns and other vocabulary. |
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Thus, the pronouns in both conditional and relative clause donkey sentences cannot be understood as referring expressions nor as bound variables. |
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There are no sentential complements, though pronouns and some noun phrases can be used to refer to explicit or evoked propositions. |
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In two studies in which readers' eye movements were recorded, we examined the processing of pronouns bound by universal quantifiers. |
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Thus, pronouns in discourse anaphora are not variables bound by their quantifier antecedents. |
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With the above background information in place, let us now turn to logophoric pronouns in African languages. |
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As seems to be the case in Malaysian, there is some equivocation about whether the borrowings are pronouns or just nouns. |
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A three-year-old can imitate adults and playmates, play make-believe with dolls and use pronouns or plural words. |
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It seems that English allots its nominative and oblique forms of pronouns in terms of position, not true government as in German. |
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Correct discourse in the US now demands that the gender of non-specific personal pronouns should alternate. |
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The agreement targets were verbs and two types of pronouns, produced in the course of a sentence-completion task. |
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In English, conjunctions, determiners, interjections, particles, and pronouns are grammatical words. |
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The play on personal pronouns throughout re-emphasizes both the fluidity of separate selves and the elusiveness of communion. |
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Note, by the way, that there is nothing necessarily illogical about using singular pronouns in such cases. |
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Likewise, for the adjectives, determiners, and pronouns, we need to recognize both masculine and feminine forms. |
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In speech we use indefinite pronouns all the time, because we are aided in understanding by vocal tone and intimation. |
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If they're using gender-neutral pronouns, it may be they simply don't want to tell you. |
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Some indefinite pronouns always take a plural verb, which means that the verb is conjugated for a plural subject. |
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Moreover, nouns express sorts of things, verbs and participles are tensed, pronouns are either demonstrative or relative. |
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Using polite forms and neutral pronouns with peers is considered effeminate. |
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Strawson's idea was that descriptions refer because their anaphoric pronouns do. |
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It is, too, often used pleonastically with pronouns, as are, in fact, most Demonstrative Pronouns. |
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Some of the most common difficulties that their students have learning Bulgarian are pronouns, verbs and word order. |
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The best examples are the demonstrative pronouns this and that, for the reason that they are guaranteed a reference every time they are used. |
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More importantly, she altered the impersonal tone of Chinese verse, inundating her translations with personal pronouns. |
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He can make himself understood, given a few nouns, pronouns, verbs and numerals, without troubling himself in the slightest about accidence. |
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Some languages, such as Japanese, have elaborate systems of pronouns to mark the relationship between addresser and addressee. |
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The strategy for pronoun resolution thus seems to be the same for anaphoric and for cataphoric pronouns. |
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In Spanish, they take the same form as the interrogative pronouns, although only a few of the pronouns can be used as adjectives. |
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It doesn't have separate words for articles, prepositions, or pronouns, which are indicated by altered word endings. |
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I've studied languages that use relative pronouns freely in analogous non-finite clauses. |
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English requires the use of prepositional phrases and reflexive and other pronouns to communicate what the middle morpheme could alone. |
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Maybe I have a propensity for those sort of muddles, but maybe I'd rather have a propensity for that sort of a muddle, for my demonstrative pronouns are very dear to me. |
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Both frequently apostrophize unidentified addressees, and both manipulate pronouns in intriguing ways, but his lyrics imply mundane, domestic situations. |
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These preferences often serve to clarify, but a less deft handling leads to tercets like the following, their force buried under prepositions, pronouns and modals. |
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The comprehension of pronouns in Dutch and Spanish agrammatism. |
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The pronouns in Sumerian are gender indifferent just like in Uralic and Altaic and are also affixed to the morpheme and become part of the agglutinated phrase. |
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It's safest to de-gay fresh anecdotes you've actually experienced, but it's a lot trickier than swapping out pronouns. |
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One reason historical linguists are skeptical of this claim is that it's so easy to find languages in which personal pronouns have undergone a lot of change. |
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Nahuatl once had an extensive system of honorifics, which affected not only the choice of pronouns, but also the forms of verbs, nouns, and pronouns. |
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The question of why verbs and pronouns tend to vary in the extent to which they agree with collective nouns is a topic of some interest in psycholinguistics. |
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Such use of personal pronouns lends the installations a strange potency. |
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The manuscript should resemble an extemporaneous speech with short, relatively simple sentences and paragraphs, personal pronouns and occasional colloquialisms. |
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One such piece of evidence comes from Ariel's careful study of the contrastive use of zero anaphors and resumptive pronouns in the relative construction in Modern Hebrew. |
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By contrast, Ewe, Gbandili, an Admawa-Ubangi language, and Ngwo, a Grassfields language, are languages whose logophoric pronouns have both singular and plural forms. |
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There are so many personal pronouns, each one denoting an exact relationship between speaker and subject, that even the most brilliant student cannot master them all. |
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There are ten personal pronouns people use to address one another. |
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However, while all of the absent antecedents are duly filled in, we are left with a sense that pronouns are not the only parts of speech left unspoken. |
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The system of relative pronouns in French is as complicated as, but similar in many ways to, the system in English. |
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It includes vocabulary related to home, people, action words, description words, pronouns, prepositions, and question words. |
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Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and verbs had many more inflectional endings and forms, and word order was much freer than in Modern English. |
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The inflections express gender, number, and case in adjectives, nouns, and pronouns, a process called declension. |
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In addition, more archaic pronouns and forms of mutation may be observed in Literary Welsh. |
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Possessive pronouns are also used to mark the names of relatives in speech. |
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Unlike in the nominal and adjectival inflections, pronouns kept great part of the case distinctions. |
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Adjectives and pronouns must agree in all features with the noun they are bound to. |
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As described above, case marking on pronouns is much more extensive than for nouns. |
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Also, as described above, case is marked on pronouns even though it is not usually on nouns, similar to English. |
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The subject pronouns are used only for emphasis and take the stress, and as a result are not clitics. |
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These forms cannot be stressed, so for emphasis the disjunctive pronouns must be used in combination with the clitic subject forms. |
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Adjectives and pronouns were additionally declined in three grammatical genders. |
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In common with Irish and Scottish Gaelic, in addition to its regular personal pronouns, Manx has also a series used for emphasis. |
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The system of personal pronouns was affected, with they, them and their replacing the earlier forms. |
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Like English, Danish only has remnants of a former case system, particularly in the pronouns. |
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Only pronouns inflect for case, and the previous genitive case has become an enclitic. |
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Grammatical cases have largely fallen out of use and are now mostly limited to pronouns and a large number of set phrases. |
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Although usually avoided in common speech, this form can be used instead of possessive pronouns to avoid confusion. |
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The distinction between emphatic and unemphatic pronouns is very important in Dutch. |
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The second person pronouns for each case are given below to further illustrate this distinction. |
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Unlike the nouns, pronouns have an additional object form, derived from the old dative form. |
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In other languages such as Korean, the situation is the opposite, and new pronouns can be constructed, whereas the number of adjectives is fixed. |
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Direct object personal pronouns are infixed between the preverb and the verbal stem. |
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Affixes may represent a wide variety of speech elements, including nouns, verbs, verbal suffixes, prepositions, pronouns, and more. |
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They include personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, relative pronouns, interrogative pronouns, and some others, mainly indefinite pronouns. |
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Further, these pronouns and a few others have distinct possessive forms, such as his and whose. |
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Adjectives, pronouns, and numerals are declined for number, gender, and case to agree with the noun they modify or for which they substitute. |
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It uses a system of independent and suffix pronouns classified by person and number and verbal inflections marking person and number. |
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Suffix pronouns are used as markers of possession and as objects of verbs and prepositions. |
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In Latin, the endings of nouns, verbs, adjectives, and pronouns allow for extremely flexible order in most situations. |
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Nouns, adjectives and pronouns are declined in the four cases and for number in the singular and plural. |
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Grammatical person typically defines a language's set of personal pronouns. |
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Some other languages use different classifying systems, especially in the plural pronouns. |
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Modern English, which almost entirely lacks declension in its nouns, does not have an explicitly marked accusative case even in the pronouns. |
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In many languages, however, different forms of the word are used not only for pronouns, but for nouns too. |
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The accusative is only marked for masculine articles, pronouns, adjectives, and weak nouns. |
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They are considered separate pronouns if contrasting to languages where pronouns are regularly inflected in the genitive. |
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Some of the Hokkien singular pronouns play the roles of possessive determiners with their nasalized forms. |
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Almost all British vernaculars have regularised reflexive pronouns, but the resulting form of the pronouns varies from region to region. |
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Other areas of the North have regularised the pronouns in the opposite direction, with meself used instead of myself. |
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Modernized editions update the late Middle English spelling, update some pronouns, and repunctuate and reparagraph the text. |
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The reflexive version of pronouns is often used for emphasis or to refer indirectly to a particular person, etc. |
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Clitics can belong to any grammatical category, although they are commonly pronouns, determiners, or adpositions. |
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The pronouns I and he are first and third person respectively, as are the verb forms am and is. |
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Hindustani has an oblique case for pronouns which is used exclusively with postpositions. |
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Aside from their highly inflected forms, German relative pronouns are less complicated than English. |
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In Latin, relative clauses follow the noun phrases they modify, and are always introduced using relative pronouns. |
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For more information on the forms of Latin relative pronouns, see the section on relative pronouns in the article on Latin declension. |
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Japanese does not employ relative pronouns to relate relative clauses to their antecedents. |
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When a sentence continues discussing a previously established topic, it is likely to use pronouns to refer to the topic. |
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In English, dummy object pronouns tend to serve an ad hoc function, applying with less regularity than they do as subjects. |
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In English, the third person consists of pronouns such as he, she, it, and they, verbs such as is and has, and most nouns. |
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Present-day English has two reciprocal pronouns, one another and each other. |
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In both cases, the pronouns can be used either independently or attributively, as in mika pere what family, whichever family. |
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Generally uses masculine pronouns or gender neutral pronouns. |
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This demonstrates the importance of having faculty utilize the gender-neutral pronouns as part of their curriculum. |
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With some pronouns, it can be done by preposing chung or cac, meaning group. |
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This includes high pitches, short sentences, singsong cadences, patronizing tones and use of collective pronouns and infantilizing terms. |
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They encode what they're posting using in-jokes, song lyrics, pronouns, and references that outsiders won't recognize. |
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English pronouns conserve many traits of case and gender inflection. |
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Some analyses add pronouns as a class separate from nouns, and subdivide conjunctions into subordinators and coordinators, and add the class of interjections. |
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The use of pronouns relies on a deixis to correctly interpret them. |
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The reciprocal anaphors or quantifiers seem to have no other use in many languages, whereas polysemy is the standard situation for reciprocal affixes and reciprocal pronouns. |
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Dummy pronouns are used in many Germanic languages such as English. |
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Here, we will see that they also have problems with overt pronouns, especially object clitics, whose emergence is more delayed than in typically developing children. |
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In many European languages, relative clauses are introduced by a special class of pronouns called relative pronouns, such as who in the example just given. |
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In English, the distinctions are generally indicated by pronouns. |
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The pronouns thou and thee have survived in many rural Northern accents. |
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However, the personal pronouns do have distinct possessive forms. |
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The parts of speech which are often declined and therefore may have a nominative case are nouns, adjectives, pronouns and less frequently numerals and participles. |
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Old English is an inflected language, and as such its nouns, pronouns, adjectives and determiners must be declined in order to serve a grammatical function. |
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The genitive is one of the cases of nouns and pronouns in Latin. |
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Forth and Bargy pronouns were similar to Middle English pronouns. |
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In Classical Chinese, pronouns were overtly inflected to mark case. |
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Of Pronouns Demonstrative. These pronouns are called demonstrative, because they distinguish, in a precise manner, the person or things to which they are applied. |
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In most varieties independent pronouns are used only for emphasis. |
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Unlike other Germanic languages, which retained dual number marking only in some pronoun forms, Gothic has dual forms both in pronouns and in verbs. |
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In the most comprehensive Norwegian grammar, Norsk referansegrammatikk, the categorization of personal pronouns by person, gender, and number is not regarded as inflection. |
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There are two series of personal pronouns, subject and objects pronouns. |
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Nouns and demonstrative pronouns distinguish common and neutral gender. |
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Nominals are further divided into nouns, adjectives and pronouns. |
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This means that when the gender of a noun is unknown, adjectives and pronouns referencing it use the neuter gender forms, rather than the masculine or feminine. |
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There are no articles, and subject pronouns are often dropped. |
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In more conservative Romance languages, neither articles nor subject pronouns are necessary, since all of the above words are pronounced differently. |
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Object pronouns in Latin were normal words, but in the Romance languages they have become clitic forms, which must stand adjacent to a verb and merge phonologically with it. |
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Nouns, adjectives, and pronouns can be marked for gender, number and case. |
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Much like English, however, case has survived somewhat better on pronouns. |
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Except for the Italian and Romanian heteroclitic nouns, other major Romance languages have no trace of neuter nouns, but still have neuter pronouns. |
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The pronouns of periphrastic forms are in brackets when they appear. |
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Object resumptive pronouns corresponding to arguments must always occur...irregardless of the presence and position of the full coindexed object nps. |
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There are seven Latin noun cases, which also apply to adjectives and pronouns and mark a noun's syntactic role in the sentence by means of inflections. |
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Finally, and most noticeably, Banda Malay uses some distinct pronouns. |
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The chapter provides, cross-linguistically, an example of the historical development of object-verb agreement by means other than the cliticization of pronouns to a verb form. |
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Each of these verb phrases contains ordered segments including incorporated nominals, bound Benefactive pronouns and enclitics marking tense, mood and aspect. |
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Stripped of so many Latinizing phrases, clausal subordinations, and extra subject pronouns inserted by Sauvage and others, an oral texture comes again to life. |
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