| Although the larvae of the fifth stage have somewhat natatory setose on their pleopods, they appear not to be completely functional. |
| The amphipods are unique in having only three pairs of pleopods, the last two pairs being modified as stiff, thrusting uropods. |
| In contrast, arthropods such as the lobster possess distinct maxillipeds, pereopods, pleopods, and uropod. |
| Often, a biologist need only examine the pleopods to make a family-level designation, thus making the dorsal carapace features superfluous in the diagnosis. |
| The gills are fanned and oxygenated by the pleopods in the ventral tunnel formed by the coxal plates. |
| The sixth stage has a segmented inner flagellum of the antennule and fully developed pleopods with setae. |
