| When used as a cover on the floodwater surface, this nitrogen-fixing fern can drastically reduce ammonia volatilisation losses in lowland rice fields and save N fertilizer, leading to an increase in grain yield. |
| Volatilisation is not fast but can be significant. |
| The ammonification process produces hydroxyl ions and ammonium ions, and when the soil pH is elevated, this results in ammonia volatilisation and loss to the atmosphere. |
| As volatilisation of the formic is completed in less than a day, colonies are less disturbed than with the slow release methods. |
| Further more Propylene Oxide is eliminated from water by volatilisation with a half-life of 3 days for rivers and up to 18 days for lakes. |
| Nutrient losses during storage and use by volatilisation and leaching are to be minimised. |
