| Your urinary system is composed of your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. |
| One of the more common congenital abnormalities is duplication of the ureters, in which a kidney has two ureters coming from it instead of one. |
| The urine is passed to the bladder through ureters from each kidney in peristaltic waves. |
| Patients with other abnormalities such as ectopic ureters and diverticulae can also present with incontinence. |
| Intermittent ureteral obstruction with bladder filling can occur in ureters that are reimplanted in abnormally lateral positions. |
| The ureteral catheters enable the surgeon and assistant to see and palpate the ureters during the procedure. |
