| Frankfurt claims that volition is a higher order desire and that one acts unfreely when one acts against a higher order volition. |
| Therefore, there is no relevant difference between the two and, since Normal Tool acts unfreely, so does the normal deterministic agent. |
| Some choices are said to be made freely, others unfreely, or involuntarily. |
| The problem then is that objectively evil actions have been performed unfreely by persons who would be judged insane by contemporary medical standards. |
| We are supposed to have the intuition that Tool is not responsible because he acts unfreely and that he acts unfreely because of Designer's role in the causation of his actions. |
