| Densities of predaceous arthropods were higher on fertilized than on unfertilized trees. |
| This process is known as parthenogenesis, where unfertilized eggs develop into embryos without sperm. |
| During copulation, the female transfers unfertilized eggs to the male's ventral surface, where fertilization takes place. |
| Occasionally, however, a mutation occurs that allows fruit to develop from unfertilized female flowers, a process known as parthenocarpy. |
| In most ants, females are typically produced by sexual reproduction, while males develop from unfertilized eggs. |
| This tactic seems risky, because not all ovules get fertilized, and the unfertilized ones abort without storing nutrients. |
