| The metal moves through heated launder tubes into molds, shot sleeves or tundishes, with minimal atmospheric contact. |
| The tundishes are used to feed liquid steel to Nucor's four-strand billet caster. |
| The refractories for casting a basic substance are used for ladles, tundishes, vacuum degasing furnaces, mixers, and the like. |
| Steel tundishes are lined with dense refractory products backed up by insulation materials. |
| The invention has particular utility for tundishes used in the continuous casting of steel. |
| The steel passing from the tundishes to the moulds is again shrouded with refractory tubes to prevent reoxidation. |
