| Other viral, bacterial, treponemal and fungal agents have the potential to cause mouth ulcers. |
| The Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test result was positive, and a fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test result was strongly reactive. |
| Tuberculosis developed, as did pinta and other treponemal infections, including non-venereal syphilis, various diseases caused by intestinal parasites, and Chagas' disease. |
| Lesions consistent with tuberculosis and treponemal infection are found in all three populations. |
| Of particular note is the identification of the earliest examples of treponemal disease, which has been confirmed by the application of a targeted dating programme. |
| Traditionally, screening for syphilis infection is a two-step process that involves an initial nontreponemal test followed by a confirmatory treponemal test. |
