| The first requirement ensures different content ascriptions to those generated by benefit-based teleological theories. |
| In his writings Karl Popper questioned the positivism and teleological historicism of the modern age. |
| Chance occurrence of an event is one in which no cause can be identified explaining its teleological or purposeful specificity. |
| In 1748 Maupertuis showed that Newton's laws of motion could be derived by the application of a teleological principle. |
| Boyle argued that only by laying hold of atomist ideas could the occult and teleological influence of the alchemists be removed from the subject. |
| Apocalyptic narratives of nations, immersed in teleological arguments, necessarily introduce the problem of majorities and minorities, of insiders and outsiders. |
