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What is a surfactant?

What is a surfactant? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (chemistry) A surface active agent, or wetting agent, capable of reducing the surface tension of a liquid; typically organic compounds having a hydrophilic "head" and a hydrophobic "tail".
  2. (biochemistry) A lipoprotein in the tissues of the lung that reduces surface tension and permits more efficient gas transport.
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Pulmonary surfactant plays a pivotal role for the biophysical and immunologic integrity of the lungs.
The addition of crop oil, surfactant, or fluid fertilizer may improve control of emerged weeds.
One of the major advances in neonatal respiratory care is the introduction of surfactant.
Our results suggest that the adsorption of pulmonary surfactant to an air-liquid interface can be considered in terms of two sequential steps.
The patient had a history of hyaline membrane disease that was treated initially with three doses of Survanta artificial surfactant and steroids.
Administration of surfactant in neonates with infant respiratory distress syndrome has led to improved survival rates.

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