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What is a surfactant?

What is a surfactant? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (chemistry) A surface active agent, or wetting agent, capable of reducing the surface tension of a liquid; typically organic compounds having a hydrophilic "head" and a hydrophobic "tail".
  2. (biochemistry) A lipoprotein in the tissues of the lung that reduces surface tension and permits more efficient gas transport.
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Surface charge density determines the efficiency of cationic gemini surfactant based lipofection.
Administration of surfactant in neonates with infant respiratory distress syndrome has led to improved survival rates.
Recent studies have suggested that certain polymers, such as polyethylene glycol, improve the function of surfactant.
Our results suggest that the adsorption of pulmonary surfactant to an air-liquid interface can be considered in terms of two sequential steps.
Pulmonary surfactant plays a pivotal role for the biophysical and immunologic integrity of the lungs.
The addition of crop oil, surfactant, or fluid fertilizer may improve control of emerged weeds.

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