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What is a substituent?

What is a substituent? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (chemistry) any atom, group, or radical substituted for another, or entering a molecule in place of some other part which is removed
  2. (grammar) pro-form
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The various combinations of two fatty acids give rise to many different molecules bearing the same substituent group.
The amine is nearly planar owing to conjugation of the lone pair with the aryl substituent.
Results from real-time FTIR spectroscopic studies indicated that ethoxy was less reactive than methoxy substituent.
A metallized azo-ether dye comprising an azo group linking a substituted 3-hydroxy-pyridine nucleus to a phenyl nucleus wherein the phenyl nucleus has an alkoxy or thioether substituent at its 2-position.
The substituent chain present in Anacardic acid, cardol and cardanol is not a homogeneous, diolefin but is a mixture of olefins of different degree of unsaturation.
In an interstitial solid solution, substituent atoms or ions are added to void spaces between normal atomic sites.

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