| The number of living and dead larvae, lesions, and young galls were counted under a stereomicroscope. |
| The capillary is mounted on a micromanipulator and the operation is viewed under a stereomicroscope. |
| The oocyte sits on the microscope stage and is visualized for electrophysiology by a separate stereomicroscope. |
| Crusts removed by scraping were preserved and examined for presence of reproductive structures under a stereomicroscope. |
| Ovaries were placed in chamber slides and photographed through a stereomicroscope. |
| Germination was also assayed after removal of the seed coat under a stereomicroscope by scratching the seeds carefully with two needles. |
