| The numbers of cataphylls and embryonic green leaves of each bud were recorded after manual dissection under a stereomicroscope. |
| The length and width of anthers were measured with a micrometer under a stereomicroscope. |
| Crusts removed by scraping were preserved and examined for presence of reproductive structures under a stereomicroscope. |
| Ovaries were placed in chamber slides and photographed through a stereomicroscope. |
| The oocyte sits on the microscope stage and is visualized for electrophysiology by a separate stereomicroscope. |
| Photographs were taken using a Nikon SMZ-U stereomicroscope with the diaphragm half open. |
