| The drawings were made on a homogeneous paper using a camera lucida fitted on a stereomicroscope. |
| Germination was also assayed after removal of the seed coat under a stereomicroscope by scratching the seeds carefully with two needles. |
| Ovaries were placed in chamber slides and photographed through a stereomicroscope. |
| Leaf vernation was observed in at least ten buds per entity, manually dissected under a stereomicroscope. |
| The number of living and dead larvae, lesions, and young galls were counted under a stereomicroscope. |
| Crusts removed by scraping were preserved and examined for presence of reproductive structures under a stereomicroscope. |
