| Two new process technologies under development will revolutionize the industry: direct steelmaking and near-net-shape casting. |
| Therefore they will have difficulty gaining acceptance in the steelmaking industry until the batch processing philosophy is changed. |
| Mr. Carnegie owns shares in many companies, steelmaking companies, railway companies, and so on. |
| Therefore, in this study, arc furnace steelmaking and casting are combined. |
| Therefore, usually at the end of steelmaking during the tapping stage, liquid steel is deoxidized by adding aluminum or silicon. |
| This practice should be competitive with, and as energy efficient as, electric arc furnace steelmaking. |
