| Urbantschitsch has provided detailed measurements of the malleus, incus and the stapes. |
| Mr Bell removed the stapes, and attached to the end of the incus a style of hay about an inch in length. |
| This bone deposition leads to fixation of the stapes at the oval window, preventing normal vibration. |
| The remainder underwent Type III tympanoplasty with the tympanic membrane placed directly over the stapes suprastructure. |
| The stapes terminates at a well-defined fenestra ovalis, suggesting that the stapes was specialized for hearing. |
| A reduced hyomandibula associated with the quadrate in a fish's visceral skull evolved to form the ear ossicle called the stapes, or columella. |
