| Polygamous, when the flowers are some of them perfect, and some staminate or pistillate only. |
| It was difficult to determine the duration of the staminate and pistillate phases in L. spicata because of pollinator activity. |
| Calyx 5-parted, valvate in the staminate flowers, imbricate in the pistillate. |
| Bract length was measured from the base of the bract to the apex of the midrib for both pistillate and staminate plants. |
| Begonia piring has paired carpellate flowers with 5 tepals borne beneath a larger staminate inflorescence and hence is likely affiliated with Begonia sect. |
| In a hermaphroditic plant, flowers are first staminate, then pistillate, and the sexual stages do not overlap within the flower. |
