| In Treatise on the quadrilateral al-Tusi gave the first extant exposition of the whole system of plane and spherical trigonometry. |
| He also considered curves of double curvature on the sphere and the quadrature of parts of a spherical surface. |
| Adding an aplanatic meniscus lens to an achromatic lens can increase relative aperture without introducing additional spherical aberration. |
| Typical aberrations that can impact imaging performance include astigmatism, chromatic aberration, and spherical aberration. |
| Menelaus's work formed the basis for Ptolemy's numerical solutions of spherical astronomy problems in the Almagest. |
| In our present paper, we added a spherical nanoparticle interacting attractively with the hydrophilic segments of amphiphilic molecules. |
