| Saline and warm Mediterranean water flowing through the Bosporus Strait maintains a permanent pycnocline. |
| Below the pycnocline density continues to increase but much more slowly. |
| Decimeter scale heterogeneity in the plankton during a pycnocline bloom of Gyrodinium aureulum. |
| The pycnocline is a very stable layer that acts as a barrier to the transfer of water and energy between the surface and subsurface layers. |
| These waves occur in the ocean's interior and propagate horizontally, concentrating their energy around the oceanic pycnocline. |
| Specifically, more oceanographic research in Hudson Bay, particularly documenting pycnocline development, is needed. |
