| A person will listen to the place-name spoken and then phonetically render the place-name in his or her own language, creating at best a close approximation. |
| This involves the spoken transfer of a place-name from one language to another. |
| There is an expanded place-name index with more than 150,000 entries, and separate undersea, Moon, and Mars features. |
| Ealing's name derives from the Saxon place-name Gillingas. |
| The Afrikaans language shares many place-name elements with Dutch, the European language from which it derives. |
| A specific name serves to restrict or modify the meaning of the place-name. |
