| Another characteristic of pidgins is lexical impoverishment. |
| Additionally, several creoles, patois, and pidgins are based on Dutch and English as they were languages of colonial empires. |
| Other elements in such a range of choices are the pidgins and Creoles of English in West Africa and of Afrikaans in South Africa and Namibia. |
| Pidgins and Creoles do not have a single phonology and phonology remains the least stable system in otherwise stabilized pidgins. |
| Although the plantation setting was crucial for the emergence of pidgins in both areas, in the Pacific laborers were recruited and indentured rather than slaves. |
| Other investigators argue that only in cases where more than two languages are in contact do true pidgins spring up. |
