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What is a pectin?

What is a pectin? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (biochemistry) A polysaccharide extracted from the cell walls of plants, especially of fruits; under acidic conditions it forms a gel. It is often used in processed foods, especially jellies and jams where it causes thickening (setting).
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Imagine you are making jam and have gotten to the point where you pour the steaming liquor of fruit, sugar, and pectin into the jars.
As the fruit ripens, enzymes convert this into pectin, the quantity of which reaches its maximum just before the fruit is fully ripe.
Dietary fibre consists of plant material such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, polysaccharides, gums, mucilage and lignin.
Jelly, jam and preserves are all made from fruit mixed with sugar and pectin.
Apples are also rich in the soluble fibre pectin, which helps to lower blood cholesterol.
Some alternatives which produce results similar to gelatin are agar-agar, carrageenan, tapioca, sago, guar gum, pectin, and rennet.

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