| The placebo and nocebo effects are widely chronicled in psychology texts and studies. |
| Bowling proposes that placebo and nocebo responses are an intrinsic part of therapy outcomes. |
| A recent review of 100 MS clinical trials over the past 20 years found a prominent nocebo effect. |
| These are not the same as nocebo effects, which are the responses to a substance believed by the subject to be able to cause harm. |
| Therefore, a nocebo effect is where a person's symptoms are worsened by the fake medicine in a drug trial. |
| Many people, including health professionals, are less familiar with the nocebo response. |
