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What is a nocebo?

What is a nocebo? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (pharmacology, also attributive) A substance which a patient experiences as harmful due to a previous negative perception, but which is in fact pharmacologically (medicinally) inactive. [from 1961]
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Examples
A recent review of 100 MS clinical trials over the past 20 years found a prominent nocebo effect.
One patient who fell prey to the nocebo effect had become aware of the symptoms that can arise when a person stops taking Prozac.
Therefore, a nocebo effect is where a person's symptoms are worsened by the fake medicine in a drug trial.
This may be the underlying mechanism of placebo and nocebo effects of medications and other therapies.
These are not the same as nocebo effects, which are the responses to a substance believed by the subject to be able to cause harm.
In the case of the nocebo, it is negative expectations that become self-fulfilling prophecies.

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