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What is a macula?

What is a macula? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (anatomy) An oval yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye, histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells, responsible for detailed central vision.
  2. A spot, as on the skin, or on the surface of the sun or of some other luminous orb.
  3. A rather large spot or blotch of color.
  4. In planetary geology, an unusually dark area on the surface of a planet or moon.
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The focus is on a 3-millimeter-wide yellow spot, called the macula lutea, toward the back and center of the eye.
Visual results are best if the retinal detachment is repaired before the macula detaches.
Fundal examination showed a large choroidal rupture of the left macula.
The macula densa and JG cells are jointly called the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
With the head erect, the macula in each utricle is oriented horizontally, and in the saccule vertically.
The macula serves to facilitate central vision and allows for high-resolution visual acuity.

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