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What is a macula?

What is a macula? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (anatomy) An oval yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye, histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells, responsible for detailed central vision.
  2. A spot, as on the skin, or on the surface of the sun or of some other luminous orb.
  3. A rather large spot or blotch of color.
  4. In planetary geology, an unusually dark area on the surface of a planet or moon.
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With the head erect, the macula in each utricle is oriented horizontally, and in the saccule vertically.
The macula densa and JG cells are jointly called the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
The central retina, or macula, and the centermost macula, or fovea, exhibit structural and cellular specializations for fine central acuity.
Degeneration of the macula causes blurred central vision or a blind spot in the center of your visual field.
The focus is on a 3-millimeter-wide yellow spot, called the macula lutea, toward the back and center of the eye.
The macula serves to facilitate central vision and allows for high-resolution visual acuity.

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