| Patients having greater saphenous incompetence may undergo ligation and division of the greater saphenous vein. |
| In most centres, surgical ligation is reserved for instances where the ductus remains open despite pharmacological treatment. |
| Failure to recognize such aberrant ductal anatomy may lead to potential ligation of ducts during surgery. |
| Past surgical history was also remarkable for endoscopic band ligation of the GI vascular malformations which was unsuccessful. |
| None the less, for various reasons, vasectomy procedures are less common than tubal ligation procedures in most countries. |
| Endoscopic ligation can be repeated every 4-6 weeks until the esophageal varices have all been obliterated. |
