| The formation of pseudopods and lamellae after ligation of chemoattractant sensitive G-protein coupled receptors is essential for chemotaxis. |
| Endoscopic ligation can be repeated every 4-6 weeks until the esophageal varices have all been obliterated. |
| In most centres, surgical ligation is reserved for instances where the ductus remains open despite pharmacological treatment. |
| Injection sclerotherapy is an alternative to band ligation in first and second degree haemorrhoids. |
| In developed countries laparoscopic tubal ligation is usually performed under general anaesthesia. |
| Past surgical history was also remarkable for endoscopic band ligation of the GI vascular malformations which was unsuccessful. |
