| In sparse contemporaneous sources, the leader or leaders of Rus people at this time were referred to by the Old Turkic title Khagan, hence the suggested name of their polity. |
| According to one fringe theory, the Rus' khagan resided somewhere in Scandinavia or even as far west as Walcheren. |
| The last Mongol khagan was Ligdan in the early 17th century. |
| Despite political disagreement between contending branches of the family over the office of Khagan, the economic and commercial system continued. |
| Kublai's real power was limited to China and Mongolia, though as Khagan he still had influence in the Ilkhanate and, to a significantly lesser degree, in the Golden Horde. |
| Charlemagne accepted their surrender and sent one native chief, baptised Abraham, back to Avaria with the ancient title of khagan. |
