| Until the mid-1990s about half of equities in Japan were held by banks, a legacy of the keiretsu cross-shareholding networks. |
| The keiretsu system of interlocking cross-corporate ownership made it next to impossible to identify the real owners of Japanese capital. |
| This argument's validity can be deduced from the experiences of some of Japan's keiretsu, which share many characteristics with Korea's chaebol. |
| He said Singapore banks should avoid the problem now posed by Japan's keiretsu system, which links a group of companies with a main bank. |
| The weak control over lending was allowed because of the keiretsu tradition, which links companies with their banks via complex cross-shareholdings. |
| One of the premier advantages to keiretsu strategies is that it toughens the conglomerate against takeovers and drastic losses. |
