| Kristoff said businessmen now pay for imports through the hawala system, paying cash to a hawaladar in the bazaar who then arranges a payment in a foreign city. |
| This is a reference to concerns about both formal remitters and informal value-transfer systems, such as the hawala networks that originated in South Asia and have become global in recent decades. |
| Money laundering in the Indian Ocean basin relies upon a traditional alternative banking system known as hawala or hundi, which makes it difficult to trace money transfers. |
| To move large sums of money, they can avoid the banking system by using hawala money movers or couriers. |
| In many parts of the world cash transfers, especially via hawala brokers and other alternative remittance systems, are an essential part of the economy. |
| The hawala system of the informal economy is not authorized by the country's monetary authorities. |
