| Grandfather clauses, literacy tests, secret organizations, and poll taxes were among the other problems various groups faced. |
| Grandfather clauses and loopholes also make it very difficult to evaluate the impact of such prohibitions. |
| White officials used all kinds of devices to keep blacks from voting, including literacy tests, poll taxes, grandfather clauses, intimidation, and outright violence. |
| He said he fully intended to rebuild it, but he said the town told him he had lost all his grandfather clauses and would only be allowed to have 165 seats in the new club. |
| While grandfather clauses typically mean that weapons prohibitions meet with less resistance, they also mean that the weapons remain in circulation and therefore may still be misused or, more often, stolen and used in crime. |
| Grandfather clauses imposed voting requirements like literacy tests on new voters but exempted people whose ancestors had voted. |
