| The Act doesn't provide any grandfather clauses if you like, for old lists or anything like that. |
| Grandfather clauses and loopholes also make it very difficult to evaluate the impact of such prohibitions. |
| Grandfather clauses imposed voting requirements like literacy tests on new voters but exempted people whose ancestors had voted. |
| He said he fully intended to rebuild it, but he said the town told him he had lost all his grandfather clauses and would only be allowed to have 165 seats in the new club. |
| White officials used all kinds of devices to keep blacks from voting, including literacy tests, poll taxes, grandfather clauses, intimidation, and outright violence. |
| Grandfather clauses, literacy tests, secret organizations, and poll taxes were among the other problems various groups faced. |
