| Excludability determines whether pricing is feasible. |
| The absence of excludability and rivalry introduces market failures that ensure that some goods and services cannot be efficiently provided by markets. |
| In practice, private goods exist along a continuum of excludability and rivalry and can even exhibit only one of these characteristics. |
| Over time, however, the researcher may multiply the genetic material or reproduce it in another animal, raising questions about the continuing excludability of the good. them. |
| Intellectual property rights usually cannot provide innovators with full excludability. |
| Secured tenure rights for a secured provision of services at local level seems to be a precondition, but could be fulfilled by a minimum condition like excludability. |
