| Dipoles result when atoms with unequal electronegativities are attached to each other in a chemical bond. |
| The electrostatic theory suggests that adhesion is the result of differences in the electronegativities of adhering materials. |
| Zhan and Dixon produced QSAR models of lnQ and e for two sets of monomers including 11 and 26 compounds, using calculated electronegativities and reaction free energies. |
| Notably, caesium and fluorine have the lowest and highest electronegativities, respectively, among all the known elements. |
| It should be emphasized that the difference in electronegativities, not the absolute electronegativity values, determines whether a covalent bond is polar or nonpolar. |
| For instance, electronegativities in the halide sequence fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine decrease from fluorine through iodine. |
