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What is a control group?

What is a control group? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (experiment) The group of test subjects left untreated or unexposed to some procedure and then compared with treated subjects in order to validate the results of the test.
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Results showed a significant improvement in the iron, iodine and vitamin A status of these children compared to a control group.
Researchers tested their SARS vaccine on four African green monkeys, with another four in the control group.
Collection of the control group was essential for the evaluation of seropositivity among the general female population.
Dr Duncan found that only one of the groups, the third group, showed any apparent effect in comparison with the control group.
Table 4 shows the relative mortality of this group of patients compared with the control group.
The possibly calming effect of having family present for the control group during the intervention could have played a part in the reaction.

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