| Sepals and petals are usually similar in form and free, but the lateral sepals may be connate to different degrees, forming a spur. |
| The perianth is commonly uniseriate, consisting of 3-5 valvate, basally connate sepals, but sometimes an equal number of petals are also present. |
| Five united stamens are adnate to the top of the pistil, which is made up of five connate carpels. |
| Involucre as in coreopsis, the inner connate to the middle, scarious-margined. |
| Now in these different stages of aggregation, may we not see paralleled the union of groups of connate tribes into nations? |
| Disk florets have a tubular corolla with five small radially symmetrical lobes and five connate anthers forming a cylinder around the style. |
