| Discussion ranges from monastic confraternities to miracle stories and the pious legends of saints. |
| A host of new religious orders and lay confraternities were founded to preach, teach, tend the sick, and care for the poor. |
| The destitute depended on begging, soup kitchens run by monks and nuns, and alms distributed by guilds, confraternities, and urban hospitals. |
| Alive, they lit fewer votive candles, and showed less interest in religious confraternities or the austerities of the monastic life. |
| Early modern patronage came as before from courts, churches, aristocratic, and merchant families, from religious orders and confraternities. |
| Furthermore, clergy gave no encouragement to lay organisations such as religious confraternities or voluntary societies. |
