| In addition, a strong staining was observed in maternal chalazal tissue shortly after fertilization, and persisted throughout seed development. |
| Note the chalazal vascular bundle that encircles about three-quarters of the seed and the two short side branches that contain phloem only. |
| Currently an autapomorphy for Cyanastrum, although may be homologous with chalazal elaiosomes or pachychalaza in other taxa. |
| Moreover, within an embryo sac, endosperm nuclei were always of the same size, with no typical chalazal cyst formed in endosperms with three or more syncytial mitoses. |
| In adventitious embryony, the embryo develops directly from nucellar or chalazal tissue without an intervening gametophyte stage. |
| No changes in the staining of chalazal cell walls were detected at the end of grain filling. |
