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What does betaine mean?

Looking for the meaning or definition of the word betaine? Here's what it means.

Noun
  1. (organic chemistry) A sweet, crystalline compound (not an alkaloid), trimethylammoniumacetate, found in sugar beet and similar plants, sometimes used to treat muscular degeneracy; the zwitterion (CH3)3N+CH2COO-
  2. (organic chemistry) Any derivative of this compound.
  3. (organic chemistry) Any similar compound, based on sulfur or phosphorus etc, having an onium ion with no hydrogen atom adjacent to the anionic atom.
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Examples
In the Duke experiments, pregnant mice that received dietary supplements with vitamin B12, folic acid, choline and betaine gave birth to babies predominantly with brown coats.
This high activity is mainly attributable to the use of 1 M of betaine as a stabilizing cosolute in all preparation and assay media.
The supplements also included betaine, which can help bypass any enzyme defect.
And while GPC does counteract urea, there is yet no consistent evidence that is a better stabilizer than betaine.
Many plant species accumulating betaine inhabit saline and arid areas and accumulate the compound in response to drought and salinity.
High levels of betaine are found in shellfish, spinach, wheat germ and mushrooms.

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