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What does betaine mean?

Looking for the meaning or definition of the word betaine? Here's what it means.

Noun
  1. (organic chemistry) A sweet, crystalline compound (not an alkaloid), trimethylammoniumacetate, found in sugar beet and similar plants, sometimes used to treat muscular degeneracy; the zwitterion (CH3)3N+CH2COO-
  2. (organic chemistry) Any derivative of this compound.
  3. (organic chemistry) Any similar compound, based on sulfur or phosphorus etc, having an onium ion with no hydrogen atom adjacent to the anionic atom.
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Examples
These experiments provided the first example of genetically engineered plants with the ability to synthesize betaine at appreciable levels.
In the Duke experiments, pregnant mice that received dietary supplements with vitamin B12, folic acid, choline and betaine gave birth to babies predominantly with brown coats.
And while GPC does counteract urea, there is yet no consistent evidence that is a better stabilizer than betaine.
Extracted from the sugar beet, betaine can lower serum cholesterol and increase serum phospholipids to fight atherosclerosis.
How about betaine hydrochloride, 600 mg, one tablet with each meal?
Many plant species accumulating betaine inhabit saline and arid areas and accumulate the compound in response to drought and salinity.

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