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What does betaine mean?

Looking for the meaning or definition of the word betaine? Here's what it means.

Noun
  1. (organic chemistry) A sweet, crystalline compound (not an alkaloid), trimethylammoniumacetate, found in sugar beet and similar plants, sometimes used to treat muscular degeneracy; the zwitterion (CH3)3N+CH2COO-
  2. (organic chemistry) Any derivative of this compound.
  3. (organic chemistry) Any similar compound, based on sulfur or phosphorus etc, having an onium ion with no hydrogen atom adjacent to the anionic atom.
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Examples
High levels of betaine are found in shellfish, spinach, wheat germ and mushrooms.
How about betaine hydrochloride, 600 mg, one tablet with each meal?
These experiments provided the first example of genetically engineered plants with the ability to synthesize betaine at appreciable levels.
Choline dehydrogenase of E. coli catalyses the first step in the synthesis of betaine, the oxidation of choline.
And while GPC does counteract urea, there is yet no consistent evidence that is a better stabilizer than betaine.
Rawles is investigating ways to increase the combination's palatability by adding fish solubles, betaine, or other ingredients.

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