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What does betaine mean?

Looking for the meaning or definition of the word betaine? Here's what it means.

Noun
  1. (organic chemistry) A sweet, crystalline compound (not an alkaloid), trimethylammoniumacetate, found in sugar beet and similar plants, sometimes used to treat muscular degeneracy; the zwitterion (CH3)3N+CH2COO-
  2. (organic chemistry) Any derivative of this compound.
  3. (organic chemistry) Any similar compound, based on sulfur or phosphorus etc, having an onium ion with no hydrogen atom adjacent to the anionic atom.
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Examples
These experiments provided the first example of genetically engineered plants with the ability to synthesize betaine at appreciable levels.
In the Duke experiments, pregnant mice that received dietary supplements with vitamin B12, folic acid, choline and betaine gave birth to babies predominantly with brown coats.
How about betaine hydrochloride, 600 mg, one tablet with each meal?
The supplements also included betaine, which can help bypass any enzyme defect.
Many plant species accumulating betaine inhabit saline and arid areas and accumulate the compound in response to drought and salinity.
Adding DMSO or betaine, or using higher reaction temperatures, did not improve sequencing quality.

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