| In the Cervidae and Giraffidae the face is not bent down on the basicranial axis as it is in the Bovidae. |
| Of these, one of the largest is the parasphenoid which, in Ichthyopsids, is found underlying the basicranial axis. |
| The basicranial circulation of Ptomacanthus resembles that in arthrodire placoderms. |
| In front of the presphenoid the basicranial axis is continued by the mesethmoid. |
| The basicranial axis is straight, and the fontanelle in the lachrymal region is very large. |
| The basicranial articulation was no longer the anchor for the palate, and the palatoquadrate was functionally replaced by its dermal anlagen, the maxillae. |
