| To further investigate the effects of prey contrast on predator behavior, I conducted an experiment with young chicks as predators on live aposematic and nonaposematic prey. |
| Some types of caterpillars are indeed poisonous or distasteful and their bright coloring is aposematic. |
| Rattlesnakes shake their tail rattles as aposematic warnings. |
| Additionally, taxonomically troubling taxa such as Crataegus makes identification and quantification of aposematic species extremely difficult. |
| Arthropods smaller than 1 mm, ants, isopods, and arthropods with aposematic colorations were excluded from the counts because these are rarely consumed by insectivorous birds. |
| Regression of the shell, development of aposematic colorations, and acquisition of toxic defenses are general evolutionary trends within the group. |
