| Morphine consumption by patient-controlled analgesia was assessed up to 72 hours after surgery. |
| Because epidural analgesia provides the highest level of pain relief, the physician and patient should decide when it should be used. |
| When urologic intervention is not required, provide analgesia, bed rest, scrotal support, a cold pack and urologic follow up. |
| In one study, ethnic minority patients were treated with less analgesia and assigned lower pain ratings than Caucasian patients. |
| Women without obstetric complications are encouraged to have electronic fetal monitoring and epidural analgesia. |
| Most women in the United States deliver infants in hospitals where epidural analgesia or intravenous narcotics are the only pain-relief options. |
