| The early English Protestants rejected the Thomistic view that manual labor has a penal aspect, derived from Adam's punishment. |
| But, the Thomistic synthesis is indicative of tendencies within the western intellectual tradition. |
| Theologically, the thomistic system approximates to pantheism, while that of Scotus inclines distinctly to Pelagianism. |
| First, there is a turn to interiority, to subjectivity, beyond the Thomistic synthesis. |
| In the later middle ages free thought, combating the Thomistic system, inclined to Averroism. |
| There are, however, a few moralists at the present day who incline to the old thomistic doctrine or to modifications of it. |
