| In the later middle ages free thought, combating the Thomistic system, inclined to Averroism. |
| This is not because of a result of a neo-Kantian theory of knowledge, as in Mises, but because the central axiom has been grounded in a Thomistic philosophical framework. |
| The early English Protestants rejected the Thomistic view that manual labor has a penal aspect, derived from Adam's punishment. |
| But, the Thomistic synthesis is indicative of tendencies within the western intellectual tradition. |
| There are, however, a few moralists at the present day who incline to the old thomistic doctrine or to modifications of it. |
| Open theists, following process theists, insist on the difficulties the Thomistic solution poses for human freedom. |
