| Artisanal or illegal miners work through local caudillos, mayors, and even some legislators, as we have seen in Peru. |
| Despite the quite significant role of labor confederations, political life in Honduras has been dominated by civilian caudillos and military strongmen. |
| In Argentina, not all presidents have been caudillos, but the democratic ones have never effectively countered the caudillo tradition. |
| The Partido Nacional and Partido Colorado were born in 1836 amid the clash of war unleashed by the ambitions of their civilian caudillos. |
| Characteristically, the dictatorship co-opted or eliminated political opponents and regional caudillos or bosses. |
| Historically, land was obtained through titles given by Spanish and Portuguese representatives, distributed by caudillos, or informally occupied. |
