The coating industry has responded by developing a range of technologies that will help attain new VOC emission targets. |
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For example, a low VOC paint used for office partitions may not be suitable for high traffic areas such as workshops or kitchens. |
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Reducing the VOC content can alter a paint's chemistry, making it harder to apply. |
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Over the years, manufacturers have reduced VOC emissions from paints and coatings. |
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Increasingly stringent VOC regulations have led to the development of water-based and high solids alternatives to solvent-based coatings. |
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It mandates that no products containing formaldehyde or VOC adhesives can be used. |
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High VOC concentrations can be harmful to some individuals with allergies, nervous disorders and even cancer. |
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The one other type of resin that is becoming increasingly popular is emulsion VOC resin. |
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With the tapes, there are fewer problems with VOC compliance and flammability issues. |
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They calculated the VOC emissions for each tree and each plot and used their findings to map VOC levels nationally. |
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These men became free burghers or citizens who had gained their release from their contracts with the VOC by taking up plots of land and by entering into a burgher militia. |
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Bang, who had been in Ayutthaya since 1723, became VOC director in 1748 and was killed by the Burmese in 1760, leaving behind a Thai wife, five children and four slaves. |
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For paints to achieve Green Seal certification, the VOC content in a liter of the product, minus the water, cannot exceed 50 grams in flat paints and 150 in nonflat paints. |
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Some regions have VOC standards that require water-based products. |
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The following provides an update of AIM VOC regulatory activity around the country. |
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Our new MAINCOTE Resins build on the durability and protection properties of metal and concrete coatings while lowering VOC to low and ultra-low levels. |
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As the petrochemical industry expands, plant construction will need VOC emission credits to off-set non-controllable point sources in non-attainment areas. |
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In the early 1600s, the VOC became the first company in history to issue bonds and shares of stock to the general public. |
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Van Riebeeck, his family, and seventy to eighty VOC personnel arrived there on 6 April 1652 after a journey of three and a half months. |
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Statistically, the VOC eclipsed all of its rivals in international trade for almost 200 years of existence. |
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The VOC enjoyed huge profits from its spice monopoly through most of the 17th century. |
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The logo of the VOC consisted of a large capital 'V' with an O on the left and a C on the right leg. |
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Between 1602 and 1796, the VOC sent almost a million Europeans to work in the Asia trade. |
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In 1610, the VOC established the post of Governor General to more firmly control their affairs in Asia. |
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Each year their harvest was to be sold exclusively to the VOC at fixed prices. |
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He saw the possibility of the VOC becoming an Asian power, both political and economic. |
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Ships coming into Batavia from the Netherlands carried supplies for VOC settlements in Asia. |
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The VOC was also instrumental in introducing European ideas and technology to Asia. |
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In 1640, the VOC obtained the port of Galle, Ceylon, from the Portuguese and broke the latter's monopoly of the cinnamon trade. |
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Java also took part in the global trade of Maluku spice from ancient times in the Majapahit era, until well into the VOC era. |
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The treaty allowed the VOC to build a trading post in the area and eventually to monopolise the trade there, especially the gold trade. |
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Though the VOC substituted Bengali for Chinese silk other forces affected the supply of Japanese silver and gold. |
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The VOC therefore closed the heretofore flourishing open pepper emporium of Bantam by a treaty of 1684 with the Sultan. |
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The military outlays that the VOC needed to make to enhance its monopoly were not justified by the increased profits of this declining trade. |
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In 1710, the Zamorin was made to sign a treaty with the VOC undertaking to trade exclusively with the VOC and expel other European traders. |
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The VOC decided in 1721 that it was no longer worth the trouble to try to dominate the Malabar pepper and spice trade. |
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There was also an unskilled labour shortage, which the VOC later resolved by importing slaves from Angola, Madagascar, and the East Indies. |
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The VOC was the first multinational corporation to operate officially in different continents such as Europe, Asia and Africa. |
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As a result, the personnel of the various VOC offices in Asia consisted of European and Asian employees. |
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At the height of its existence the VOC had 25,000 employees who worked in Asia and 11,000 who were en route. |
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The minimum investment in the VOC was 3,000 guilders, which priced the Company's stock within the means of many merchants. |
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Among the early shareholders of the VOC, immigrants played an important role. |
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The Council of Justice in Batavia was the appellate court for all the other VOC Company posts in the VOC empire. |
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On 24 January 1609, Le Maire filed a petition against the VOC, marking the first recorded expression of shareholder activism. |
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Many economic and political historians consider the VOC as the most valuable, powerful and influential corporation in world history. |
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The VOC shareholders were the pioneers in laying the basis for modern corporate governance and corporate finance. |
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The VOC is often considered as the precursor of modern corporations, if not the first truly modern corporation. |
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It was the VOC that invented the idea of investing in the company rather than in a specific venture governed by the company. |
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In April 1688, the VOC agreed to sponsor the resettlement of over 100 Huguenots at the Cape. |
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In 1602 the VOC established an exchange in Amsterdam where VOC stock and bonds could be traded in a secondary market. |
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Thijssen's observations were included as soon as 1628 by the VOC cartographer Hessel Gerritsz in a chart of the Indies and New Holland. |
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In the former Dutch capital of Cape Town, nearly nothing from the VOC era have survived except the Castle of Good Hope. |
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For the full list of places explored, mapped, and named by people of the VOC, see List of place names of Dutch origin. |
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All the major terpenes produced from the functional TPSs were detected in the VOC profiles of the four endophytes grown on potato dextrose. |
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However, it was apparent that the Dutch East Indies Company or VOC was still doing business in Ayutthaya despite political difficulties. |
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Although they had opened an unknown route, Jan Pietersz Coen of the VOC claimed infringement of its monopoly of trade to the Spice Islands. |
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Jacob's father Isaac challenged the confiscation and the conclusion of the VOC, but it took him until 1622 until a court ruled in his favor. |
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In 1642, the VOC and WIC sent a fleet to Chile to conquer Valdivia and its supposed gold mines. |
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The outlying island of Run was harder for the VOC to control and they exterminated all nutmeg trees there. |
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The emitted VOC belonged exclusively to the substance classes of terpenes and aldehydes. |
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The production and export of nutmeg was a VOC monopoly for almost two hundred years. |
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In the 18th century Ternate was the site of a VOC governorship, which attempted to control all trade in the northern Moluccas. |
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Francis Drake in 1578 and a Dutch VOC expedition in 1616 learned more about the geography. |
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The results of the VOC in the war against the Spanish possessions in the Far East were less impressive. |
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The VOC began immediately to prise away the string of coastal fortresses that, at the time, comprised the Portuguese Empire. |
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The doors have a Class C fire rating and zero VOC outgassing making them an option for commercial and medical applications. |
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A recent report published by Hypatia Research Group rated the VoC technology developed by SandSIV as the best in the world from a qualitative viewpoint. |
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We demonstrated a chemiresistive sensor based on core-shell hybridized nanostructures of Fe 3 O 4 and PEDOT for the efficient detection of VOC biomarkers. |
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This perspective on their imperial past only recently shifted with prime minister Jan Peter Balkenende's contentious call for the return of the VOC mentality. |
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During VOC and the colonial era of the Dutch East Indies, the colonial government built several European stately palaces as the residence of the Governor General. |
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Following bankruptcy, the VOC was formally dissolved in 1800, and the government of the Netherlands established the Dutch East Indies as a nationalised colony. |
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Despite of all this, the VOC in 1780 remained an enormous operation. |
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The terms under which the Huguenots agreed to immigrate were the same offered to other VOC subjects, including free passage and requisite farm equipment on credit. |
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They were augmented by VOC soldiers returning from Asia, predominantly Germans channeled into Amsterdam by the Company's extensive recruitment network and thence overseas. |
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Furthermore, the Cape was unpopular among VOC employees, who regarded it as a barren and insignificant outpost with little opportunity for advancement. |
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The VOC operated under a strict corporate hierarchy which allowed it to formally assign classifications to those whom it determined fell within its legal purview. |
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The colony initially did not do well, and many of the discouraged vrijburgers returned to VOC service or sought passage back to the Netherlands to pursue other opportunities. |
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In 1672 there were 300 VOC officials, employees, soldiers, and sailors at the Cape, compared to only about 64 vrijburgers, 39 of whom were married, with 65 children. |
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Between 1689 and 1707 they were augmented by additional numbers of Dutch settlers sponsored by the VOC with grants of land and free passage to Africa. |
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Their numbers can be easily reconstructed from censuses of the Cape rather than passenger lists, taking into account VOC employees who later returned to Europe. |
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Nevertheless, in the eyes of investors the VOC did not do too badly. |
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In the Golden Age of Netherlandish cartography, the VOC navigators and cartographers helped shape geographical knowledge of the modern world as we know them today. |
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However, from there on the fortunes of the VOC started to decline. |
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Although it was at the centre of the spice production areas, it was far from the Asian trade routes and other VOC areas of activity ranging from Africa to India to Japan. |
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By 1659, the Portuguese had been expelled from the coastal regions, which were then occupied by the VOC, securing for it the monopoly over cinnamon. |
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The direct losses of the VOC can be calculated at 43 million guilders. |
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Some historians such as Timothy Brook and Russell Shorto consider the VOC as the pioneering corporation in the first wave of the corporate globalization era. |
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The VOC also played a major role in the creation of the world's first fully functioning financial market, with the birth of a fully fledged capital market. |
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The VOC undertook the world's first recorded IPO in the same year. |
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The VOC records are included in UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. |
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On 18 December 1603, the Duyfken, with Willem Janszoon as skipper, set out on a second voyage to the Indies in the VOC fleet of Steven van der Haghen. |
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In other words, the VOC was officially the first publicly traded company, because it was the first company to be ever actually listed on an official stock exchange. |
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While most high-quality architectural latex paints meet existing requirements for VOC content, some alkyds and industrial maintenance coatings do not. |
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In general, VOC considers fuel consumption, lubricant, tyres, vehicles repairment and maintenance, vehicle depreciation, bank interest and insurance. |
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In other words, SCAQMD runs Method 24, but also speciates the VOCs in order to determine which VOCs are counted toward the total product VOC content. |
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Tri-Mer Corp introduces the MultiPhase BioSystem, for VOC control. |
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It is a biodegradable, low VOC product, and has low vapor pressure. |
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Around 1670, two events caused the growth of VOC trade to stall. |
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