The reign of Alexander III did a great deal to extend the power of the tsar at the expense of liberties taken for granted in Western Europe. |
|
For the tsar, Russia was not the invulnerable bastion of autocracy and the invincible victor over Napoleon that she seemed to foreigners. |
|
As a result he received the blessing of the Byzantine patriarch and the title of tsar of Bulgaria. |
|
The tsar was autocrat by divine right, sustained by the endorsement of the autonomous Orthodox church under its patriarch. |
|
He dressed in rags and rarely took a bath, which fascinated the carefully washed and perfumed aristocrats round the tsar and his family. |
|
With this support, the Duma decided to form a temporary government to take the place of the tsar. |
|
As tsar he wanted to apply western mercantilism to stimulate agriculture, industry and commerce. |
|
King Frederick William, in a magnanimous gesture, presented the entire room to the tsar. |
|
Close relatives of the tsar were called grand princes, usually translated as grand dukes. |
|
Few had the courage to buck the system in case they incurred the well-known wrath of the tsar. |
|
The tsar will also be responsible for helping firms and organisations that want to bring in their own rules against smoking. |
|
It said an identity fraud tsar would create a single point of contact across government, police and the private sector. |
|
In the reign of the Bulgarian tsar Boris I, those territories were incorporated into several komitati. |
|
Historical artefacts preserved from that period show the might of the Bulgarian tsar dynasties and the influence of the Bulgarian Patriarch. |
|
Europe's Slavonic eastern frontier zone was covered by the kingdom of Poland-Lithuania, and the realms of the tsar of Russia. |
|
By the end of the day the members of the Provisional Government were under arrest, the tsar and his family were also under house arrest. |
|
Ivan Assen II, son of tsar Assen I, ascended to the throne in 1218 after dethroning the mediocre ruler Boril with the assistance of Russian and Kumanian troops. |
|
In the 16th century the Bulgarian tsar Ivan Alexander who won a battle against the Byzantine army and made Perperikon a regional centre by appointing a governor. |
|
Under Peter the Great, the Romanov tsar who ruled from 1682 to 1725, Russia began a period of imperial expansion that continued into the Soviet period. |
|
When he abdicated in 1917, Nicholas II, tsar of Russia, rather hoped he might have been allowed to live out the rest of his days in peace with his family in the Crimea. |
|
|
For 51 days, the Soviet of Workers' Deputies in the then Russian capital St Petersburg had been an alternative power to the tsar, Russia's absolute monarch. |
|
One headline, decades earlier, must have struck him with the force of tsar Bomba. |
|
One of the few Russian words to have entered the vocabulary of other languages, dacha originally meant a parcel of land given by the tsar to his aristocratic servitors. |
|
In 1832, Baron Schilling, a Russian diplomat, linked the Summer Palace of the tsar in St Petersburg to the Winter Palace using a telegraph with rotating magnetized needles. |
|
The aim was to bring the ordinary believer closer to the church, and incidentally raising its effectiveness for the tsar as an agency for controlling society. |
|
The Russian revolution of 1917 toppled the tsar and soon installed a bloodthirsty communist regime. |
|
In August 1671, Muscovite envoys administered the oath of allegiance and the Cossacks swore loyalty to the tsar. |
|
The tsar now controlled the entire Volga River and gained access to Central Asia. |
|
Stroganov performed also other duties for the tsar, like collecting taxes from the obrok in Solvychegodsk. |
|
As a result, False Dmitriy I entered Moscow and was crowned tsar that year, following the murder of Tsar Feodor II, Godunov's son. |
|
The eastern part was ruled by the Russian tsar as Congress Poland, which had a very liberal constitution. |
|
They were accompanied by 300 Lithuanian and German slave laborers, whom the Stroganovs had purchased from the tsar. |
|
Khmelnytsky, deserted by his Tatar allies, suffered a crushing defeat at Berestechko in 1651, and turned to the Russian tsar for help. |
|
In 1552, Russian tsar Ivan the Terrible conquered two major Tatar khanates, the Khanate of Kazan and the Astrakhan Khanate. |
|
Since the head of state was the tsar of Russia, it was not clear who the chief executive of Finland was after the revolution. |
|
Up until 1666, when Patriarch Nikon was deposed by the tsar, the Russian Orthodox Church had been independent of the State. |
|
Russia took it over in 1815 as Congress Poland with the tsar as King of Poland. |
|
The Cossacks received a subsidy of food, money, and military supplies from the tsar in return for acting as border defense. |
|
A group of Russian boyars signed in 1610 a treaty of peace, recognising Ladislaus IV of Poland, son of Polish king Sigismund III Vasa, as tsar. |
|
In 1613, the Zemsky sobor elected Michael Romanov tsar, establishing the Romanov dynasty. |
|
|
Fittingly, then, it was his armor, the very symbol of the tsar, that dragged him down to his fate. |
|
Furthermore, another three hundred reinforcements from the tsar soon arrived to join the Russians. |
|
Before travelling a great distance, they ran into a group of one hundred reinforcements that had been sent as additional strength from the tsar. |
|
Under orders from the tsar, the Stroganovs had contributed fifty cavalry to the reinforcement party. |
|
The exact amount sent to the tsar is disputed, as descriptions range from 2,500 to 5,000 to sixty sacks of furs. |
|
Upon returning to Qashliq, Yermak decided to inform the Stroganovs and the tsar of his conquests. |
|
Only after the 16th century were Cossacks subjected to close relation with the Russian tsar. |
|
In the late 1570s, the Stroganovs recruited Cossack fighters to invade Asia on behalf of the tsar. |
|
After the takeover of Kazan, the tsar looked to the powerful and affluent Stroganov merchant family to spearhead the eastward expansion. |
|
However, Yadegar failed to gather the full sum of tribute he proposed to the tsar, so Ivan did nothing to save his inefficient vassal. |
|
In 1551 the tsar sent his envoy to the Nogai Horde and they promised to maintain neutrality during the impending war. |
|
However, the palace of the tsar was very luxurious, as were the dinners he offered Chancellor. |
|
The death of the Bulgarian tsar Simeon I in 927 severely weakened the Bulgarians, allowing the Byzantines to concentrate on the eastern front. |
|
He had been in contact with the tsar and had requested that a small region on the banks of the Irtysh River would be granted as his dominion. |
|
Although the coup as such was something of an unevent, it did leave a lasting imprint on the new tsar and thus influenced the autocracy for the coming three decades. |
|
During his troubled relations with the boyars, the tsar even asked her for a guarantee to be granted asylum in England should his rule be jeopardized. |
|
For example, the universal suffrage was, in practice, virtually meaningless, since the tsar did not have to approve any of the laws adopted by the Finnish parliament. |
|
It included foreign intervention, the execution of the former tsar and his family, and the famine of 1921, which killed about five million people. |
|
Yermak also changed the involvement of the tsar in Siberian affairs. |
|
The tsar granted the Stroganov family permission to invade Asia. |
|
|
In 1654, Khmelnytsky signed the Treaty of Pereyaslav, forming a military and political alliance with Russia that acknowledged loyalty to the Russian tsar. |
|
In August 1552 the young Tsar led a Russian army, perhaps 150,000 strong, to besiege Kazan, a walled and moated town set on a hill. |
|
The only place that held out against the revolution was the Winter Palace, the residence of the former Tsar. |
|
The Tsar preferred Madeira or port with his soup but would switch to wine for subsequent courses. |
|
However, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia was also under pressure from Slav nationalists, who demanded that their fellow Slavs in Serbia be defended. |
|
Stamboliiski boldly opposed Bulgaria's entry into the First World War in the face of the monarch Tsar Ferdinand. |
|
A petition of the Udmurts to the Tsar from 1812 shows that the Bashkir continuously tried to take over traditional Udmurt lands. |
|
By February 1917 revolution overthrew the Russian Tsar and brought the working class to power, led by the Bolsheviks in October. |
|
After the battle at Aheloi, Tsar Simeon proclaimed the Bulgarian church a patriarchate and himself an emperor and autocrat of the Romans. |
|
It was a royal city from 893 to 972 and the reign of Tsar Simeon the Great was the heyday of its glory. |
|
He hosted him in the one-time office of Tsar Nicholas II that overlooks a tropical garden and the Black Sea. |
|
My father believed that our Tsar was weak and made wrong decisions. |
|
In a short scene the Poles, characterised by mazurkas and polonaises, lament the downturn in their fortunes and decide to go in search of the new Russian Tsar and capture him. |
|
The Tsar gave him a diamond ring, Metternich a gold snuffbox. |
|
Conceived in 1703, St Petersburg was Tsar Peter's monument to Europe's artistic and cultural achievements, and a symbol of his determination to Europeanise Russia. |
|
This edict was itself of doubtful legality, for it revoked an 1865 law, but was signed by the Tsar on presentation by the minister of the interior. |
|
In February workers overthrew the dictatorial ruler, the Tsar. |
|
The ruinous effects of World War I, combined with internal pressures, sparked the March 1917 uprising that led Tsar Nicholas II to abdicate the throne. |
|
In the next century an Englishman employed by the Tsar visited Central Asia, and this was followed by the dispatch of emissaries to the various khanates of the region. |
|
In 1621, the voyevodas were forbidden by Tsar Michael to take bribes as this had become a problem. |
|
|
Bolsheviki had repudiated the four-billion-dollar debt which the government of the Tsar had contracted with the bankers. |
|
This attitude by the Tsar led to repeated delays in negotiations with the Japanese government. |
|
Despite mediocre generalship, they managed to capture the Russian port of Sevastopol, compelling Tsar Alexander II to ask for peace. |
|
In conformity with article XI and XIII, the Tsar and the Sultan agreed not to establish any naval or military arsenal on the Black Sea coast. |
|
The Tsar, full of remorse for the disasters he had caused, caught pneumonia and died on 2 March. |
|
The strain of directing the war had taken its toll on the health of Tsar Nicholas. |
|
In March 1917, the Tsar was ousted from the Russian throne, and in November a Bolshevik government came to power under the leadership of Lenin. |
|
However, the concept of absolutism was so ingrained in Russia that the Russian Constitution of 1906 still described the Tsar as an autocrat. |
|
In 1393 the Bulgarian Tsar Ivan Shishman had lost Nicopolis to the Ottomans. |
|
The first palaces in European style were built during the reign of Tsar Peter the Great and his immediate successors. |
|
After three months went by with no prospect of release, Marc let it be known that he was considering an offer from the Tsar of Russia. |
|
The central issue for both Napoleon and Tsar Alexander I was control over Poland. |
|
Giles Fletcher, to demand from the regent Boris Godunov that he convince the Tsar to reconsider. |
|
See a video of the Tsar Bomb exploding and try nuking your own home in our weird science blog at www. |
|
The Tsar Cannon, which is the world's largest bombard by caliber, is a masterpiece of Russian cannon making. |
|
Shortly before his death in February 1725, the Tsar signed an order authorizing a second great expedition to the east. |
|
Tsar Nicolas II, then Tsarovitch, visited Vladivostock and then cruised up the river. |
|
Despite mediocre generalship, they managed to capture the Russian port of Sevastopol, compelling Tsar Nicholas I to ask for peace. |
|
It was this and other minor raids which prompted the Tsar of Russia to support a Cossack invasion of Siberia. |
|
Due to the weight of the armor gifted to him by the Tsar, Yermak sank to the bottom and drowned. |
|
|
Treated as a separate and elite community by the Tsar, the Cossacks rewarded his government with strong loyalty. |
|
The Cossacks experienced difficulties under Tsar Alexis as the influx of refugees grew daily. |
|
It was a suzerainty under protection of the Russian Tsar from 1667 but ruled by the local Hetmans for a century. |
|
After the results of the Yermak expedition became known, the Tsar granted new lands in Bolshaya and Malaya Sol to Semyon. |
|
Reflecting Moscow's new imperial claims, Ivan's coronation as Tsar was a ritual modeled after those of the Byzantine emperors. |
|
Ivan IV was crowned Tsar and thus was recognized, at least by the Russian Orthodox Church, as Emperor. |
|
By the 16th century, the Russian ruler had emerged as a powerful, autocratic figure, a Tsar. |
|
Ivan's notorious outbursts and autocratic whims helped characterise the position of Tsar as one accountable to no earthly authority, only to God. |
|
Early in 1570, Ivan's ambassadors concluded a treaty at Constantinople that restored friendly relations between the Sultan and the Tsar. |
|
The Tsar gave him letters for England inviting English traders and promising trade privileges. |
|
When Tsar Samuil saw the broken remains of his once formidable army, he died of shock. |
|
In many languages, Caesar became the word for Emperor, as in the German Kaiser and in the Bulgarian and subsequently Russian Tsar. |
|
The Billiard Room holds a massive porcelain vase that was a gift of the Russian Tsar. |
|
They eventually took on the imperial title of Tsar, and Moscow was described as the Third Rome. |
|
Some exact yield estimates, such as that of the Tsar Bomba and the tests by India and Pakistan in 1998, are somewhat contested among specialists. |
|
The title became Kaiser in German and Tsar or Czar in the Slavic languages. |
|
Some scholars have suggested that Tsar Nicholas II dragged Japan into war intentionally, in hopes of reviving Russian nationalism. |
|
Social reformers, statesmen, and royals, including the future Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, visited New Lanark to study its operations and educational methods. |
|
He made his decision without consulting either the other military staff present, or the Tsar and military command, who all disagreed with the decision. |
|
The Tsar celebrated his victory over Kazan by building several churches with oriental features, most famously Saint Basil's Cathedral on Red Square in Moscow. |
|
|
Chancellor spent the summer of 1555 dealing with the Tsar, organising trade, and trying to learn how China might be reached by the northern route. |
|
In July 1853, the Tsar sent his troops into the Danubian Principalities. |
|
When Tsar Ivan the Terrible heard of Chancellor's arrival, he immediately invited the exotic guest to visit Moscow for an audience at the royal court. |
|
One such officer was Count Nikolai Ignatiev, a brilliant and ambitious political, who enjoyed the ear of the Tsar and burned to settle his country's scores with the British. |
|
Meanwhile, unrest grew in Russia, as the Tsar remained at the front. |
|
Although far smaller in blast power than the Tsar Bomba and other atmospheric tests, the confinement of the blasts underground led to pressures rivaling natural earthquakes. |
|
Tsar Ivan IV granted vast estates near the Urals as well as tax privileges to Anikey Stroganov, who organized large scale migration to these lands. |
|
At this critical juncture, both Tsar Alexander I and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II decided to engage Napoleon in battle, despite reservations from some of their subordinates. |
|
The Tsar even proposed to her once, and during his later reign, asked for a guarantee to be granted asylum in England should his rule be jeopardised. |
|
The Tsar Cannon was located on the platform of the Lobnoye mesto. |
|
In his view, the police are obliged to take care of the order but their presence near the monument to Tsar Dusan shows that we are a police state. |
|