How to use thermodynamic in a sentence

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Sentence Examples In the next section the thermodynamic and kinetic feasibility of the symplastic transport pathway will be assessed. Although intimately related, mechanical and thermodynamic stability are different quantities. From the measurements thermodynamic and kinetic information can be derived. Particular care was taken in sample preparation to ensure thermodynamic equilibrium. Entropy is a thermodynamic quantity, its value is equal to the amount of heat absorbed or emitted divided by the thermodynamic temperature. A Stirling Engine is a mechanical device, which operates on a closed looping thermodynamic cycle. These models provide numerous insights into the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of protein folding. So what is the microscopic physics that underlies the thermodynamic properties of black holes? Thermobarometers require thermodynamic calibration of the equilibrium constant for a particular reaction or set of reactions. Therefore, a thermodynamic analysis of denaturation free energy change can be used. In Chapter 3 we discussed how the thermodynamic arrow of entropy increase is a reflection of the relative probabilities of various states. The temperature exactly matches the thermodynamic predictions related to the surface area of the black hole. Understanding the thermodynamic and structural basis of protein folding is one of the key issues in current research in biochemistry. With the thermodynamic value of total power, we can then estimate the average magnitude of tectonic stress. From the pure thermodynamic or electrochemical viewpoint, aluminum coatings should be very unnoble. We model these properties with a basic thermodynamic framework without the use of more elaborated theory as has been done previously. Scanning calorimetry is used as a direct method to reveal the thermodynamic properties of phase transition like transition temperatures and enthalpies. Two important thermodynamic quantities are temperature and entropy. Albert seems to think this package explains the existence of all counterfactual-supporting generalizations, narrowly thermodynamic or not. The theory offers a novel way to metricate Hofmeister effects and also leads to thermodynamic quantities, which account for the influence of salts. Show More Sentences This ensures that no basepair in the DNA double helix, regardless of its sequence context, acquires a very high thermodynamic propensity for opening. Therefore the N-terminal disulfide bridge increased both kinetic and thermodynamic stability almost equally. Both project and dissertation set out to gain a better understanding of the thermodynamic behaviour of natural structures made from wood. Any temperature scale having absolute zero for its zero point is termed an absolute temperature scale or a thermodynamic scale. The aerology of the site is somewhat unusual in the thermodynamic conditions. From the thermodynamic perspective, it is no metaphor to say that the sequence of purine and pyrimidine bases of DNA is information. The thermodynamic incompatibility of hard and soft segments at lower temperature generates a polyphasic structure. Then in the 19th century along came steam power, and the universe was then depicted as an enormous heat engine, or thermodynamic machine, running down toward its heat death. In the physical sciences the Kelvin scale is used wherever thermodynamic considerations are important. In virtually all relaxation experiments, a thermodynamic equilibrium state is disturbed, and the time required for re-equilibration is measured. The heat pump and the refrigerator represent technical implementations of the same thermodynamic cycle, the reverse of the heat engine. The hydrodynamic models are based on local thermodynamic equilibrium, which is far from being true in the case of solar wind electrons. The thesis was on thermodynamic potential in physics and chemistry and in it he defined the criterion for chemical reactions in terms of free energy. The phase rule applied thermodynamic principles to chemical equilibria and allowed Roozeboom to develop a phase diagram of the iron carbon system. Good thermodynamic and kinetic data are critical in understanding the development of microstructure for these steels. Information in the sense of thermodynamics is closely related to thermodynamic entropy. In thermodynamic terms, superchargers are also nowhere near as efficient as turbochargers. At present, Europe needs to organise its own energy potential and to improve the use of this latter by increasing thermodynamic efficiency. The NPL was developing a filter radiometer with imaging optics to measure thermodynamic temperatures of freezing points. The thermodynamic efficiency of the machine increases, and the heat pump transfers collected solar energy to the water. Show More Sentences It is planned to measure their thermodynamic temperatures with filter radiometers calibrated against our cryogenic radiometer. The thermodynamic properties determine the process parameters and tool designs as well as the properties of the formed part. As a result, the thermodynamic efficiency of the engine can be optimised as a function of the engine load. One early outstanding success was the A3, a thermodynamic steam trap offering an amazing 10 times the durability of previous products. In practice ejector flow is neither one dimensional, nor is it in thermodynamic equilibrium. The consequences in practice of the thermodynamic efficiency for electricity production could be illustrated for a steam turbine. Finally, we note that we have not considered possible thermodynamic factors related to the presence of the diluent glycerol influencing protein stabilization. The structural and thermodynamic features of these stereoisomeric adducts are also discussed in relation to their reported low susceptibilities to nucleotide excision repair. These thermodynamic properties can be used to predict a pecking order, or hierarchy, for free radical reactions. In reaction to the thermostatic trap, which though compact has problematically slow response, the thermodynamic trap was developed to meet the need for a trap that allows as little condensate as possible to accumulate. On the other hand, if his thermodynamic calculations are correct, it is also difficult to see how crude oil could have arisen from squashed fish and putrefied cabbages. When pressure drops due to a drop in wet temperature, compressor head pressure is allowed to drop and the loss of thermodynamic effect is compensated by running the condenser fan at full throttle. The mushrooming of projects in southern Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and the United States highlights the renewed enthusiasm for concentrating thermodynamic solar collectors. Surface tension and related thermodynamic quantities of aqueous electrolyte solutions. High temperature thermodynamic studies on the transuranium oxides and their solid solutions. Believing that entropy values covary with the size of the universe, Gold asserts that at the maximum radius the thermodynamic arrow will 'flip' due to the re-contraction. The initial programs were written in FORTRAN on punched cards and performed chemical thermodynamic calculations involving pure substances and ideal gases. Second, thermodynamic models for mineral stability and solubility can only be accurately constructed from experimental data if correct speciations are known. While this may be a reasonable model for rapidly cooled alloys such as Shechtman's original aluminum-manganese, other compounds, such as aluminum-copper-iron, possess quasicrystalline structures in thermodynamic equilibrium. The dynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms that regulate tropical trade wind speed are discussed with an emphasis on how these mechanisms were likely different in the Earth's past. Show More Sentences One of the unique features of A3 was the steam heating, condensate cooling, double-jacketed thermodynamic design which was unaffected by ambient conditions. The Quasiturbine addresses more fundamental concerns for improved thermodynamic output and environment friendliness and benefits operationally through adherence to the Einsteinian ideal of simplicity. Irrespective of the pH of the solution, a maximum of the feedback observed over the cut edge is consentaneous with the thermodynamic stability of iron in the reduced form. It gives unique information on carbon concentration in the austenite phase in the two phase region, which helps to validate fundamental thermodynamic data for multi-phase steels. By fine-tuning the parameters, they succeeded in cutting the melting cycle down to 45 minutes. They also helped build a thermodynamic model of potential reactions between molten titanium and various kinds of crucibles. Laboratories that have performed thermodynamic gas thermometer measurements are called upon to review their measurements on the basis of these new data. The optimum temperature distribution point in the semi-finished product will depend on the thermodynamic properties of the semi-finished product used and the method of heating. As well, with more thermodynamic energy in the global system, there will likely be an increase in occurrences of extreme weather events, leading to threats to human safety and property damage. In large plants ammonia is usually used as a coolant because of its excellent thermodynamic properties, despite its being toxic, somewhat inflammable and explosive in certain conditions. Selection of the optimal schemes is seen as a contribution to future thermodynamic sea-ice modelling and regional scale atmospheric modelling studies. The field equations can be obtained from a thermodynamic variational principle which extremises the total heat density of all null surfaces. The ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process is called the Rankine cycle. The Rankine cycle is the fundamental thermodynamic underpinning of the steam engine. Combining two or more thermodynamic cycles results in improved overall efficiency, reducing fuel costs. The thermodynamic cycle of the basic combined cycle consists of two power plant cycles. These thermodynamic conditions exceed the critical point of seawater, and are the highest temperatures recorded to date from the seafloor. Use of this distribution implies ideal gases near thermodynamic equilibrium for the system of particles being considered. When performing a thermodynamic analysis, it is typical to speak of intensive and extensive properties. Each of these models has its own set of assumptions to facilitate the analysis of a given thermodynamic system. Finally, all of the thermodynamic processes were presumed to describe uniform gases whose velocities varied according to a fixed distribution. Show More Sentences When energy transfer ceases from a system, this condition is referred to as thermodynamic equilibrium. The cycle is imagined to run so slowly that at each point of the cycle the working body is in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium. Then the absolute or thermodynamic temperatures, T1 and T2, of the reservoirs are defined so that to be such that. Real world bodies are often not in thermodynamic equilibrium and not homogeneous. If this is so for every 'cell' of the body, then local thermodynamic equilibrium is said to prevail throughout the body. Absolute zero is the null point of the thermodynamic temperature scale, also called absolute temperature. Thermal radiation is initially defined for a cavity in thermodynamic equilibrium. This is a fundamental character of temperature and thermometers for bodies in their own thermodynamic equilibrium. For axiomatic treatment of thermodynamic equilibrium, since the 1930s, it has become customary to refer to a zeroth law of thermodynamics. An empirical temperature is a numerical scale for the hotness of a thermodynamic system. At energies higher than this point, the spin degree of freedom therefore exhibits formally a negative thermodynamic temperature. During the melting process a thermodynamic reaction takes place between the fuel and the blast air. Most of the feldspars and amphiboles show evidences of thermodynamic and compositional disequilibrium with the melt. Free radicals vary widely in their thermodynamic properties, ranging from very oxidizing to very reducing. In the development phase of this massive plant, SmartPlant was used to design the layout of the thermodynamic system. The thermodynamic temperature, T, is a measure of how the energy of the system is distributed among its microscopic states. The solubility and thermodynamic parameters for calcium-silicate tubes are determined by a titrimetric method. Our group has already performed a theoretical search finding two possible HP-HT thermodynamic stable polymorphs. Przybilla N and Butler K The solar hydrogen spectrum in non-local thermodynamic equilibrium. The knowledge of thermodynamic properties of ammonia-water mixtures is essential for design, simulation, and performance analysis of absorption refrigeration systems. Show More Sentences The thermodynamic definition of temperature is due to Kelvin. An NTP is any plasma which is not in thermodynamic equilibrium. When a body is not in a steady state, then the notion of temperature becomes even less safe than for a body in a steady state not in thermodynamic equilibrium. ScCO2 is environmentally benign, non-toxic, and has favorable heat and mass transport properties which allow for an energy dense, compact thermodynamic system. As authors write, the key distinction of ferroelectric memory switches is that they can be tuned through thermodynamic properties of ferroelectrics. Temperature is basically defined for a body in its own state of internal thermodynamic equilibrium, and in this definition, on an absolute scale, it is always positive. The thermodynamic parameters, including enthalpies and free energies of adsorption, were measured using inverse gas chromatography under dry conditions. At constant pressure, the force driving chemical reactions is normally quantified by the thermodynamic quantity Gibbs free energy or Gibbs energy. High-temperature heat capacities and derived thermodynamic properties of anthophyllite, diopside, dolomite, enstatite, bronzite, talc, tremolite, and wollastonite. Consequently, temperature can vary from point to point in a medium that is not in global thermodynamic equilibrium, but in which there is local thermodynamic equilibrium. If classical thermodynamic equilibrium conditions for matter are fulfilled to good approximation in such a 'cell', then it is homogeneous and a temperature exists for it. Explicitly, this present definition of thermodynamic temperature also rests on the first law of thermodynamics, for the determination of amounts of energy transferred as heat. The accepted fundamental thermodynamic temperature scale is the Kelvin scale, based on an ideal cyclic process envisaged for a Carnot heat engine. Examples from Classical Literature But then the source provided by the thermodynamic view just stated had ceased to exist. At present we consider some of the thermodynamic relations of the properties of bodies arrived at by Thomson. The whole study of thermodynamic equilibrium has been reduced by the French mathematical school to a question of probability. Thomson had, however, previous to the publication of this paper, applied thermodynamic theory to thermoelectric phenomena. The partners measured and developed an equation of state for the thermodynamic properties of natural air, along with mixtures of nitrogen, argon and oxygen. Common thermodynamic changes in term of membrane structure are either fast or slow precipitation which may results finger-like structure or spongelike structure. Find more words! 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What is the adjective for thermodynamic? What is the noun for thermodynamic? Translations for thermodynamic Use our Sentence Generator Nearby Words thermocouple thermoclines thermocline thermochemistry thermochemical thermo thermodynamically thermodynamics thermoelectric thermoelectricity thermoform thermoformable 13-letter Words Starting With t th the ther therm thermo thermod thermody thermodyn thermodyna thermodynam