| Manx Syndrome is a normally fatal defect caused by the so-called Manx gene, which causes the taillessness. |
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| Geneticists have determined that taillessness occurred as the result of a spontaneous mutation. |
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| There are several different mutations leading to various degrees of taillessness, to bobtails and to curly tails. |
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| Emphasis was on breeding for working ability and stamina and, if the stumpy-tailed Halls Heelers were workers of excellence, their taillessness would have been disregarded. |
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