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Sentence Examples The particles that form a sedimentary rock by accumulating are called sediment. All types of sediment are found in the Adriatic, with the bulk of the material transported by the Po and other rivers on the western coast. There, a small probe and dissecting microscope were used to isolate diplectanids from the gills or sediment. Trapping of littoral drift sediment, preventing it from reaching downcoast beaches. Where clastic sediment inputs are small, biogenic sedimentation can dominate especially nearshore sedimentation. In all present femora, sediment and other bones obscure the caudodistal part. Rocky or seawalled shorelines, that otherwise have no sediment, present unique problems. Molecular polymerization, resulting from high pressures and temperatures produced by overlying sediment, transforms the resin first into copal. Tidal energy removal can also cause environmental concerns such as degrading farfield water quality and disrupting sediment processes. Catastrophic failure of the containing ice or glacial sediment can release this water over periods of minutes to days. The footprints were found in sediment, partially covered by beach sand, at low tide on the foreshore at Happisburgh. Sedimentary rocks are formed when sediment is deposited out of air, ice, wind, gravity, or water flows carrying the particles in suspension. This sediment is often formed when weathering and erosion break down a rock into loose material in a source area. Some of those processes cause the sediment to consolidate into a compact, solid substance from the originally loose material. The lithostatic pressure in the rock increases due to the weight of the overlying sediment. Under anoxic circumstances, however, organic material cannot decay and leaves a dark sediment, rich in organic material. Mudcracks are a bed form caused by the dehydration of sediment that occasionally comes above the water surface. Such structures form by chemical, physical and biological processes within the sediment. It can be a valuable indicator of the biological and ecological environment that existed after the sediment was deposited. After deposition, physical processes can deform the sediment, producing a third class of secondary structures. Show More Sentences The type of sediment that is deposited is not only dependent on the sediment that is transported to a place, but also on the environment itself. This means that coarser sediment particles can be transported and the deposited sediment can be coarser than in deeper environments. When the sediment is transported from the continent, an alternation of sand, clay and silt is deposited. Calcareous sediment that sinks below the lysocline dissolves, as a result no limestone can be formed below this depth. These are large accumulations of sediment transported from the continent to places in front of the mouth of the river. In the quiet water of swamps, lakes and lagoons, fine sediment is deposited, mingled with organic material from dead plants and animals. Besides transport by water, sediment can in continental environments also be transported by wind or glaciers. This cyclic nature was caused by cyclic changes in sediment supply and the sedimentary environment. Catastrophic processes can see the sudden deposition of a large amount of sediment at once. In sedimentology compaction refers to the process by which a sediment progressively loses its porosity due to the effects of loading. When a layer of sediment is originally deposited, it contains an open framework of particles with the pore space being usually filled with water. This form of compactation is a function of the lithology of the base sediment. To avoid injury when digging into sediment it has no cere, but the nostrils come out through hard horn. Sedimentary rock is formed from the accumulation of sediment that becomes buried and compacted together. Deposition of transported sediment forms many types of sedimentary rocks, which make up the geologic record of Earth history. The sinker often had a small container attached to it that would allow for the collection of bottom sediment samples. Earthquakes may be caused by interactions between sediment loading on the sea floor and adjustment by the crust. Vadose stalactitic cement filling an horizontal cavity in a marine coastal sediment, outer platform. The location of the shelf edge break reflects complex interaction between sedimentation, sealevel, and the presence of sediment dams. Coral reefs serve as bulwarks that allow sediment to accumulate between them and the shore, cutting off sediment supply to deeper water. Show More Sentences Because subsidence occurred faster than sediment could fill it, the Gulf of Mexico expanded and deepened. Another type of sediment dam results from the presence of salt domes, as are common along the Texas and Louisiana passive margin. This is especially common in arid regions, where there is little transport of sediment by rivers or redistribution by longshore currents. Active accretionary prisms are common in trenches near continents where rivers or glaciers supply great volumes of sediment to the trench. The Lesser Antilles convergent margin demonstrates the importance of proximity to sediment sources for trench morphology. While the ocean is wide, the trench may be far from continental sources of sediment and so may be deep. Submarine canyons transport sediment from beaches and rivers down the upper slope. The most important control is the supply of sediment, which fills the trench so that there is no bathymetric expression. The total sediment deposition rate in remote areas is estimated at two to three centimeters per thousand years. They tend to gather small particulates and thus form beds, which alters sediment deposition and creates a habitat for smaller animals. They show erosion through all substrates, from unlithified sediment to crystalline rock. Landslides, or slides, generally comprise the detachment and displacement of sediment masses. Evidence for these geomagnetic reversals can be found in basalts, sediment cores taken from the ocean floors, and seafloor magnetic anomalies. It is a composite slump with proximal and distal allochthonous sediment masses separated by a large glide plane scar. The bottom surface, buried in sediment, is generally rougher than the top due to a different type of growth. Consequently, the sediment and sand from the beaches is being washed away and deposited elsewhere. While this destroys land in some places, it creates land elsewhere, most noticeably in marshes where sediment is deposited by flowing water. Among the impacts of deep sea mining, sediment plumes could have the greatest impact. The periods indicated by the sediment record correspond to historic records of high river flow recorded by instruments at Vicksburg, Mississippi. In 1993, a group formed to clean it up, adopting the mummichog as a mascot, and has removed thousands of tons of contaminated sediment. Show More Sentences The loss of larger plants and reed fringes in eutrophic waters increases erosion of banks and the buildup of sediment on lake floors. Marshes also improve water quality by acting as a sink to filter pollutants and sediment from the water that flows through them. They flourish where the rate of sediment buildup is greater than the rate at which the land level is sinking. The currents there carry the fine particles around to the quiet side of the spit and sediment begins to build up. Eventually, when enough sediment has built up, the beach shoreline, known as a spit, will connect with an island and form a tombolo. For permineralization to occur, the organism must become covered by sediment soon after death or soon after the initial decay process. As the Solent valley flooded and the island eroded, the river received less water flow and more sediment, causing it to become more tidal. The resulting seasonal layering is preserved in an even distribution of clay sediment banding. This term is specifically applied to shallow marine sediment, that contains noticeable quantities of rounded greenish grains. Eroded sediment or solutes may be transported just a few millimetres, or for thousands of kilometres. When the upcurrent amount of sediment is less than the amount being carried away, erosion occurs. When the upcurrent amount of sediment is greater, sand or gravel banks will tend to form as a result of deposition. Recently, ice cores and ocean sediment cores provide more quantitative and accurately dated evidence for temperatures and total ice volumes. Studies of sediment layers at Mezmaiskaya Cave suggest a severe reduction of plant pollen. The trapping of sediment benefits coral by reducing sediment loads in the water. The relay ramps may provide pathways for sediment to be carried into the basin. Glacifluvial sediment may be found in ice-contact environments or proglacial environments beyond an apron of stagnant ice. Besides meltwater, sediment flux is very important for determining glacifluvial landform type. The highest concentration is found in the eastern Irish Sea in sediment banks lying parallel to the Cumbrian coast. The coastlines along the southernmost part are covered with the remains of deposited glacial sediment. Show More Sentences A 2014 publication in the Journal of Archaeological Science states that the sediment of Gran Dolina is 900,000 years old. At the contact to sediment infillings, fungi produced haustoria that penetrated and scavenged on the remains of fragmented marine organisms. Artificial levees block spring flood water that would bring fresh water and sediment to marshes. The sediment records show a clear rise and fall of Hg pollution through history. During this time, sources for siliciclastic sediment had been eliminated due to the exceptionally high sea level. The composition of the riverbed at Rotherhithe was often little more than waterlogged sediment and loose gravel. Their appearance ranges from cloudy with sediment to completely clear, and their colour ranges from almost clear to amber to brown. The sediment remaining in the screen was collected, wet-sieved and sorted for fauna and microartifacts such as microliths and beads. In May 2013, fossilized human footprints were found in newly uncovered sediment on a beach in Happisburgh, Norfolk. These form where sediment from the main river blocks a tributary, usually in the form of a levee. The lake may be infilled with deposited sediment and gradually become a wetland such as a swamp or marsh. Rivers that carry large amounts of sediment may develop conspicuous deltas at their mouths. Such storage opportunities are typically increased in catchments of larger size, thus leading to a lower yield and sediment delivery ratio. Fossilised fish and plant remains are found between the layers of sediment. Over millions of years, the sediment deposits added to the islands until the gaps were completely filled. Without sunlight, there could be no explanation for the sediment record on the Earth's surface. Masses of sediment from the adjacent mountains have formed spits around several mouths. Beaver dams trap sediment and improve water quality, and recharge groundwater tables and increase cover and forage for trout and salmon. The water thus gradually deposits the sediment as it runs, creating an alluvial plain. They fed above the sediment surface, but were forced to burrow to avoid predators. Show More Sentences Water from the adjacent stream is piped into the top of the channel, sometimes via a header pond, to settle out sediment. Because of the lack of floods, spawning channels must sometimes be cleaned out to remove accumulated sediment. The most important variable characteristics of estuary water are the concentration of dissolved oxygen, salinity and sediment load. However, large numbers of bacteria are found within the sediment which have a very high oxygen demand. The main phytoplankton present are diatoms and dinoflagellates which are abundant in the sediment. Today that process takes almost a year, and sediment, nutrients, and algae can cause problems in local waters. The factors and processes that influence the rate and spatial distribution of sediment accretion within the salt marsh are numerous. Salt marsh species also facilitate sediment accretion by decreasing current velocities and encouraging sediment to settle out of suspension. Inundation and sediment deposition on the marsh surface is also assisted by tidal creeks which are a common feature of salt marshes. Dunes move downstream as the upstream slope is eroded and the sediment deposited on the downstream or lee slope in typical bedform construction. Fossils of invertebrates are found in various types of sediment from the Phanerozoic. This allows the exchange and cycling of oxygen, nutrients, and minerals between water and sediment. These relationships are shown in the following table for the Rouse number, which is a ratio of sediment fall velocity to upwards velocity. If the upwards velocity approximately equal to the settling velocity, sediment will be transported downstream entirely as suspended load. If the upwards velocity is higher than the settling velocity, the sediment will be transported high in the flow as wash load. Wind results in the transportation of fine sediment and the formation of sand dune fields and soils from airborne dust. The overall balance between sediment in transport and sediment being deposited on the bed is given by the Exner equation. Any depression in a marine environment where sediments accumulate over time is known as a sediment trap. One cause of high sediment loads from slash and burn and shifting cultivation of tropical forests. It is a ready marker of the movement of soil and sediment from those times. Show More Sentences Fluvial processes include the motion of sediment and erosion or deposition on the river bed. The exception is at any major offset in the bounding fault, where a relay ramp may provide an important sediment input point. This sedimentation often includes very coarse debris such as huge blocks from rock falls, as well as fans of sediment from the basin wall. The size of the oolite reflects the time they have had exposed to the water before they were covered with later sediment. Active continental margins have narrow, relatively steep shelves, due to frequent earthquakes that move sediment to the deep sea. Other topics include chemical transport as part of surface water, sediment transport and erosion. In hydrology, studies of water quality concern organic and inorganic compounds, and both dissolved and sediment material. The most common pollutant classes analyzed are nutrients, pesticides, total dissolved solids and sediment. Over geological time, this organic matter, mixed with mud, got buried under heavy layers of sediment. Most of the sediment within a mudflat is within the intertidal zone, and thus the flat is submerged and exposed approximately twice daily. Marshes contain an abundance of herbaceous plants while the sediment layers consist of thin sand and mud layers. Sheet erosion is the overland transport of sediment by runoff without a well defined channel. They arose along the breakers' edge where the water surge piled up sediment, and behind which sediment was carried away by the breaking waves. As water flows over the ground and along rivers it can pick up nutrients, sediment, and pollutants. It is expected that the continuous input of sediment into the lake will silt up the lake. The large sediment loads are partly due to the extensive land improvements upstream. In northern Europe, the North Sea Basin had formed during the Triassic and Jurassic periods and continued to be a sediment receiving basin since. Active processes form or rework moraine sediment directly by the movement of ice, known as glaciotectonism. Changes in the type of pollen found in different layers of sediment in lakes, bogs, or river deltas indicate changes in plant communities. Deposits of even older glacial sediment exist on every continent except South America. Show More Sentences The sea urchin genus Abatus burrow through the sediment eating the nutrients they find in it. The sediment budget takes into consideration sediment sources and sinks within a system. This sediment then enters the coastal system and is transported by longshore drift. The majority of tidal inlets on longshore drift shores accumulate sediment in flood and ebb shoals. Although this may also depend on the inlet size, delta morphology, sediment rate and by passing mechanism. The drift occurs due to waves meeting the beach at an oblique angle, moving sediment down the beach in a zigzag pattern. This is complemented by longshore currents, which further transport sediment through the water alongside the beach. Wave refraction can occur at the end of a spit, carrying sediment around the end to form a hook or recurved spit. Limited knowledge of coastal sediment transport processes often resulted in inappropriate measures of coastal erosion mitigation. Managed retreat is often a response to a change in sediment budget or to sea level rise. When the ocean lands on the gabion, the water drains through leaving sediment, while the structure absorbs a moderate amount of wave energy. Lobes originated as result of ice following shallow topographic depressions filled with a soft sediment substrate. Excess sediment, nutrients, and algae can result in the eutrophication of a body of water. Also, seagrasses trap sediment and slow down water movement, causing suspended sediment to fall out. The most important material characteristic is the sediment grain size, which must closely match the native material. The no-harvest portion of RMZs of 50 feet or 30 feet would result in full protection of sediment filtration for fish-bearing streams on the west and eastsides. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons into deeper water. The layer of sediment underlies a cliff on the beach, but after stormy weather the protective layer of sand was washed away and the sediment exposed. Because of the softness of the sediment, which lay below the high tide mark, tidal action eroded it, and within two weeks the footprints had been destroyed. The images were analysed by Isabelle De Groote of Liverpool John Moores University, who was able to confirm that the hollows in the sediment were hominin footprints. Show More Sentences Nodules lie on the seabed sediment, often partly or completely buried. Much of this sediment is deposited from turbidity currents that have been channeled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. Much of the state's lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River, leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp. Water, and to a lesser but still significant extent, ice, are also responsible for a large amount of sediment transport that occurs on the surface of the earth. The nature of a sedimentary rock, therefore, not only depends on the sediment supply, but also on the sedimentary depositional environment in which it formed. The many layers of sediment that had accumulated on the site could be used to date artefacts in which they were found, and had to be recorded properly. Such land derived runoff of sediment nutrients, carbon, and contaminants can have large impacts on global biogeochemical cycles and marine and coastal ecosystems. Samples taken of the superficial sediment revealed that its physical and chemical properties had not shown any recovery since the disturbance made 26 years earlier. A drainage basin is the source for water and sediment that moves from higher elevation through the river system to lower elevations as they reshape the channel forms. Thus, biofilm growth could significantly enhance biostabilization, with biofilm-infused bed sediments requiring more energy for erosion relative to clean sediment. Researchers looking at sediment, seawater, biota, and seafood found toxic compounds in high concentrations that they said was due to the added oil and dispersants. Oil particles buried in gulf sediment could remain there for 100 years. These form where sediment from a tributary blocks the main river. There is little water mixing in such environments, as a result oxygen from surface water is not brought down, and the deposited sediment is normally a fine dark clay. In addition, the layers of sediment at the bottom of a meromictic lake remain relatively undisturbed because there are no living aerobic organisms. Beds form by the deposition of layers of sediment on top of each other. They have multiple sinuous channels carrying large volumes of sediment. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The morphology of an alluvial river reach is controlled by a combination of sediment supply, substrate composition, discharge, vegetation, and bed aggradation. Passive margins defined by a large fluvial sediment budget and those dominated by coral and other biogenous processes generally have a similar morphology. Show More Sentences Organic materials in a sediment can leave more traces than just fossils. The faulted crust transitions into oceanic crust and may be deeply buried due to thermal subsidence and the mass of sediment that collects above it. Longshore drift is simply the sediment moved by the longshore current. The chemical evidence mainly consists of variations in the ratios of isotopes in fossils present in sediments and sedimentary rocks and ocean sediment cores. Despite the difficulties, analysis of ice core and ocean sediment cores has shown periods of glacials and interglacials over the past few million years. Rivers on that side therefore carry sediment away from the rift valley. This current and sediment movement occur within the surf zone. Sand is largely affected by the oscillatory force of breaking waves, the motion of sediment due to the impact of breaking waves and bed shear from long shore current. Chester's trade had declined steadily since the end of the 17th century as sediment had prevented larger craft reaching the city, spelling the end for the Port of Chester. In general, the fossil record shows a very slow appearance of these lifeforms in the Precambrian, with many cyanobacterial species making up much of the underlying sediment. In ice thrusting, the glacier freezes to its bed, then as it surges forward, it moves large sheets of frozen sediment at the base along with the glacier. This may be the result of a halt in the deposition of sediment. Greensand is also loosely applied to any glauconitic sediment. As an example, the New Brighton spit in Canterbury, New Zealand, was created by longshore drift of sediment from the Waimakariri River to the north. If the osphradia detect noxious chemicals or possibly sediment entering the mantle cavity, the gills' cilia may stop beating until the unwelcome intrusions have ceased. When the continent is far away, the amount of such sediment deposited may be small, and biochemical processes dominate the type of rock that forms. This reduces the levels of oxygen within the sediment often resulting in partially anoxic conditions, which can be further exacerbated by limited water flux. Warm shallow marine environments also are ideal environments for coral reefs, where the sediment consists mainly of the calcareous skeletons of larger organisms. A 2008 study of sediment cores and soil samples further suggests that carbon dioxide uptake via reforestation in the Americas could have contributed to the Little Ice Age. No longer able to carry the full load, much of the sediment is dropped. Show More Sentences In other words, the waves sweep sediment together from both sides. Roads or bulkheads built along bluffs can drastically reduce the volume of sediment eroded, so that not enough material is being pushed along to maintain the spit. Salt marshes do not however require tidal creeks to facilitate sediment flux over their surface although salt marshes with this morphology seem to be rarely studied. There is a diverse range and combination of methodologies employed to understand the hydrological dynamics in salt marshes and their ability to trap and accrete sediment. If the incoming sediment flux is low, material is scraped from the overriding plate by the subducting plate in a process called subduction erosion. Most of the oceans have a common structure, created by common physical phenomena, mainly from tectonic movement, and sediment from various sources. This is an oversimplification, because the same section of margin may experience both sediment accretion and subduction erosion throughout its active time span. This normally results in protecting the land behind the halosere, as wave energy dissipates throughout the accumulated sediment and additional vegetation in the new habitat. Thus, nodule mining could cause habitat alteration, direct mortality of benthic creatures, or suspension of sediment, which can smother filter feeders. This kept it free of sediment, unlike most of the tunnel valleys. The rate at which sediment is deposited differs depending on the location. These bedforms are often preserved in sedimentary rocks and can be used to estimate the direction and magnitude of the flow that deposited the sediment. A channel in a tidal flat can see the deposition of a few metres of sediment in one day, while on the deep ocean floor each year only a few millimetres of sediment accumulate. Glaciers carry a wide range of sediment sizes, and deposit it in moraines. They feed by turning on their sides and taking in water mixed with sediment, which is then expelled through the baleen, leaving their prey trapped inside. This expression states that the rate of increase in bed elevation due to deposition is proportional to the amount of sediment that falls out of the flow. Human land development, in forms including agricultural and urban development, is considered a significant factor in erosion and sediment transport. Erosion removes most deposited sediment shortly after deposition. Waves infiltrate dry beaches easily and deposit sandy sediment. The inflow also has to occur in a closed basin, or one with restricted outflow, so that the sediment has time to pool and form in a lake or other standing body of water. Show More Sentences Both of these types of granite are formed by the melting of high grade metamorphic rocks, either other granite or intrusive mafic rocks, or buried sediment, respectively. Processes of erosion that produce sediment or solutes from a place contrast with those of deposition, which control the arrival and emplacement of material at a new location. The initial porosity of a sediment depends on its lithology. Remains of organisms found within sediment layers near the mouth of the Mississippi River indicate four hypoxic events before the advent of artificial fertilizer. Sediment from the continent above cascades down the slope and accumulates as a pile of sediment at the base of the slope, called the continental rise. Find more words! 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What is the opposite of sediment? Words that rhyme with sediment What is the past tense of sediment? What is the plural of sediment? What is the adverb for sediment? What is the adjective for sediment? What is the noun for sediment? Translations for sediment Use our Sentence Generator Nearby Words sedilia sedgy Sedgwick sedges Sedgemoor sedge sedimental sedimentary sedimentary rock sedimentation sedimented sedimentologic 8-letter Words Starting With s se sed sedi sedim sedime sedimen