| Patients with age-related macular degeneration may complain of acute loss of vision, blurred vision, scotomas or chronic distortion of vision. |
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| Half of them had clear prodromata, such as scintillating scotomas and sensitivity to odors and noise. |
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| The patient performs this test daily at home and is instructed to call the physician if line distortions or scotomas are detected and persist for one or two days. |
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| A patient who does not recognize all letters very quickly may have retinopathy, even with relative scotomas. |
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| When rating migraine headaches, common auras such as scotomas and flashing lights are considered to be included in the Table 20.8 rating. |
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| When talking about visual field defects, field loss or scotomas, the size, brightness and color of the target has to be included. |
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| Using two preferred retinal loci for different lighting conditions in patients with central scotomas. |
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| On the other hand, the use of bifocals can be difficult for people with central scotomas and eccentric viewing. |
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| Other patterns of field loss include quadrantinopia, central field loss, and scattered scotomas. |
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| Few patients who are referred for low vision rehabilitation are free of scotomas in their macular area. |
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| Varying the size and intensity of the laser beam to allow the detection of small, subtle scotomas. |
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| They might also present with relative or absolute central or paracentral scotomas, metamorphopsia, and difficulty in reading. |
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| Likewise, blindsight subjects do not spontaneously respond to things presented to their scotomas, but must be trained to make responses using a forced-response paradigm. |
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| Central scotomas were noted on confrontation, but HVF showed bilateral, inferior altitudinal field defects. |
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| This can include unilateral optic nerve lesions, paracentral scotomas, congruous and incongruous homonymous hemianopias and quadrantanopias, as well as altitudinal defects. |
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| Scotoma shape varied widely, from round scotomas centered on a nonfunctioning fovea to ring scotomas surrounding a functioning fovea to highly complex amoeboid shapes. |
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| Perceptual filling in of artificially induced scotomas in human vision. |
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