| The process of invasion of a new landscape not previously occupied by plants has long been called primary succession. |
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| Analysis of the development of the decomposer food-web, trophic relationships, and ecosystem properties during a three-year primary succession in sawdust. |
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| Lichens, which are coevolved interactions between fungi and algae, form an important part of primary succession in many ecosystems. |
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| The 6 ha area with clearly defined horizontal as well as vertical boundary conditions was left for natural primary succession. |
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| Changes in collembolan species composition in Eastern German mine sites over fifty years of primary succession. |
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| Apaneca-Llamatepec, El Salvador, El Salvador's first biosphere reserve is located in the western part of the country and conserves zones of primary succession mountain vegetation over lava fields. |
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| Primary succession occurs in a landscape that previously was devoid of life. |
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| Primary succession is this process by which complex life colonizes lifeless rock in a rather predictable sequence. |
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| Primary succession occurs in essentially lifeless areas regions in which the soil is incapable of sustaining life as a result of such factors as lava flows, newly formed sand dunes, or rocks left from a retreating glacier. |
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| Primary succession on sites created by abandonment of agricultural land, post-glacial land upheaval along the coast, in deltas, and along meandering rivers. |
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